416  CONTRIBUTIONS   TO   ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1905. 
ganister  bed  was  also  noted  in  a  cut  on  the  Norfolk  and  Western  Railway  north  of  Fo  [ 
Gay  in  a  similar  stratigraphic  position.     It  does  not  seem  to  have  attracted  any  attontio 
but  its  appearance  is  such  as  to  indicate  that  it  may  have  value. 
Near  North  Kenova,  Ohio,  a  clay  was  worked  thirty  years  ago  and  hauled  to  Burlingtc  i 
and  South  Point,  where  it  was  utilized  for  pottery.     The  old  workings  are  entirely  falle 
shut.     The  clay  is  found  25  feet  above  No.  8  coal  and  directly  below  a  massive  sandstoa  || 
thus  occupying  a  position  near  No.  9  coal.     This  correlation  is  strengthened  by  its  inte  ii 
val  of  about  85  feet  above  the  Sheridan  coal.     This  is  the  only  known  occurrence  in  tk 
area  of  a  workable  clay  at  this  horizon. 
Other  clay  horizons  locally  workable  undoubtedly  exist,  and  many  shale  beds  through 
out  the  Coal  Measures  also  appear  promising  and  will  probably  be  used  in  the  future  fc  I 
paving  bricks,  sewer  pipes,  and  for  other  purposes  where  inferior  clays  and  shales  may  b 
utilized. 
RECENT   CLAYS. 
The  recent  clays  are  found  in  the  ilood  plains  of  the  rivers  and  streams  of  the  area  am 
arc  very  widespread,  even  the  smallest  streams  having  in  some  cases  extensive  deposits 
The  deposits  worked   at    the   presenl    time  are  confined  solely  to  the  valley  of  Ohio  River, 
in  the  vicinity  of  Ashland,  where  there  is  local  market   and  cheap  coal  and  where  trans- 
portation facilities  are  at    hand.     The  flood-plain  clay  at  the  present  time   is  used  chieflj 
for  ordinary  red  building  brick,  though  it    is  adapted   to  the   making  of  tile,  shingle,  etc.  \ 
It  is  made  into  brick  at  the  Means  Russell  plant  west  of  the  town,  and  by  the  J.  ,J.  (rates  ! 
Company  and  the  O'Kelly  Brick  Company  in  the  eastern  part   of  the  city.     Most  of  the 
brick  is  used  in  town,  though  some  is  shipped  into  other  parts  of  eastern  Kentucky  and* 
the  adjoining  State  of  West  Virginia.     The  smaller  flood  plains  contain  clays  which  per- 
haps will  not  compare  in  quality  with  those  of  the  larger  river  valleys,  but  which  may 
worked  up  into  material  suitable  for  local  country  use.      Mr.  F.  R.  Bussey  has  utili; 
such  material  from  the  flood  plain  of  Harriet   Branch  of  Little  Blaine  Creek.     The  de 
here  is  only  1  feel  thick,  but  it  illustrates  the  possibilities  existing  on  all  the  smaller  creeks. 
The  Hood  plain  deposits  along  Big  Sandy  and  Little  Sandy  rivers  have  not   even  been 
prospected.     Undoubtedly  valuable  deposits  of  clay  exist  along  both  these  streams,  which 
may  be  utilized  later  for  common  and  pressed  brick,  roofing  and  drain  tile,  paving  brick, 
sewer  pipe,  etc.     Experiments  having  in  view  the  adaptability  of  these  flood-plain  clays 
for  the  various  purposes  enumerated  above  should  certainly  be  carried  out. 
