WHITE    CLAYS    OF    SOUTH    MOUNTAIN,  PENNSYLVANIA.  325 
Analyses  of  white  clay  and  original  sericite  schist. 
Sericite 
schist, 
Pine 
Grove 
Furnace, 
Pa.  a 
('rude 
white 
clay, 
Henry 
Clay, 
Pa.  a 
Crude 
white 
clay, 
Upper 
Mill, 
Pa.  b 
Si02                  
73. 45 
.21 
13.77 
2.76 
None. 
1.22 
.18 
4.47 
.03 
3.08 
69.  til 
.90 
16. 83 
.95 
.11 
1.51 
.08 
3.41 
.14 
6. 35 
84.  05 
Ti02 
AI2O3                                  
9.  44 
.  28 
Z!aO                         
.23 
MgO                     
1 .  35 
Na2< ) 
.28 
£20       
2.  37 
P2O, 
2.18 
Total 
99.17 
99.  V.I 
100. 18 
a  W.  T.  Schaller,  analyst. 
b  Analyzed  in  the  chemical  laboratory  at  the  Pennsylvania  Stale  <  lollege. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
White  clay  occurs  along  the  west  foot  of  South  Mountain  from  the 
Maryland  State  line  to  Susquehanna  River.  In  the  southern  part  of 
the  tract  the  beds  are  thin  and  have  not  been  worked  with  profit. 
The  southernmost  opening  seen  was  Mr.  Rock's  pit,  i  t  Tomstown,  5 
miles  north  of  the  Maryland  line,  where  a  small  amount  of  white  clay 
is  associated  with  white  sand,  which  is  quarried  for  building  purposes. 
Old  ore  pits  are  numerous  in  the  vicinity  and  mining  on  a  very  small 
scale  was  in  progress  in  an  adjacent  pit.  East  of  Fayetteville  clay 
has  been  obtained  from  near  Black  Gap,  and  prospects  are  now  owned 
by  Amos  B.  Lehman,  of  Fayetteville.  Many  pockets  of  the  clay  are 
found  in  the  extensive  sand  deposits  quarried  south  of  the  pike. 
Clay  is  reported  by  Hopkins  along  the  foot  of  the  mountain  from 
Fayetteville  north  to  Shippensburg,  where  small  prospects  occur,  but 
no  large  bodies  of  pure  clay  have  been  found.  The  reports  of  the 
Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  iron  industry  of 
this  region,  however,  show  that  thick  beds  are  associated  with  the  ore. 
The  profitable  clay  industry  is  centered  about  Mount  Holly  Springs, 
near  the  east  end  of  South  Mountain.  Here  the  clay  occurs  sparingly 
along  the  north  face  of  the  mountain  and  in  greater  quantity  on  both 
sides  of  the  interior  longitudinal  valley  of  Mountain  Creek.  There  are 
a  number  of  abandoned  clay  workings  on  the  north  slope,  on  both 
sides  of  the  gap.  The  clay  is  rather  intimately  mixed  with  sand  and 
is  of  limited  extent,  and  is  probably  in  part  transported  from  its  orig- 
inal bedded  relations.  At  the  large  sand  quarries  in  the  town  of 
Mount  Holly  Springs,  colored  clay  has  been  encountered  which  is  used 
by  the  Mount  Holly  Brick  and  Clay  Company  in  the  manufacture  of 
bricks.  White  clay  was  seen  in  several  prospects  above  the  Walker 
sand  mine  and  in  the  Diven-Holly  sand  mine,  but  the  deposits  appear 
to  be  thin.  It  is  also  known  to  occur  on  the  Stuart  tract,  2  miles  to 
the  west  along  the  mountain,  where  phosphorous  ore  (wavellite)  in 
