370  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,  1906,  PART    I. 
The  hydraulic  method,  so  successfully  used  in  the  ^Ottawa,  Til., 
glass-sand  district,  is  employed  here  to  remove  the  sand  from  the  pit. 
The  material  is  so  slightly  indurated  that  a  jet  of  water  from  the  noz- 
zle of  a  large  hose  is  sufficient  to  break  it  down,  free  it  from  the  inter! 
bedded  clay,  and  wash  it  into  the  sump  of  a  Nye  pump  at  the  lowed 
point  in  the  pit.  The  pump  raises  the  sand  about  12  feet  to  a  screen 
having  one-eighth  inch  meshes.  The  screened  sand  drops  througn 
the  chute  into  a  tank,  from  which  it  is  carried  by  a  gently  inclined 
elevator  out  i)^  the  pit  into  the  first  set  of  wash  bins.  The  washers 
consist  of  2  sets  of  2  bins  each,  the  bins  of  the  first  set  holding  about 
2.")  tons  each,  those  of  the  second  holding  about  40  tons  each.  A 
second  elevator  carries  the  sand  to  the  second  set  of  bins,  from  which 
a  second  Nye  pump  moves  the  sand  to  the  drain  bins.  The  sand  is 
not  subjected  to  any  further  drying.  The  drain  bins  are  used  for 
storage  purposes  and  are  built  alongside  a  railroad  spur.  They  com 
sist  of  3  bins  of  50  tons  capacity  each  and  3  of  10  tons  each,  making 
convenienl  measures  in  loading  cars.  They  are  built  of  2  by  6  inch 
lumber,  laid  flat,  and  have  a  basal  compartment  S  feet  deep,  tilled 
with  cinders  to  insure  rapid  drying.  Owing  to  the  upland  location 
of  this  quarry  water  is  scarce,  and  the  problem  of  maintaining  a 
steady  and  adequate  water  supply  has  been  solved  satisfactorily  by 
utilizing  tin  wastewaters  from  the  washers  after  thorough  settling, 
the  loss  Prom  evaporation  and  seepage  being  replenished  by  piping 
a  supply  flown  from  a  pond  about  one-third  of  a  mile  distant .  The 
dissected  topography  has  favored  the  construction  of  storage  and 
settling  bin-.  The  present  capacity  of  this  plant  is  about  200  tons 
a  day.  and  it  is  planned  to  install  steam  driers  in  order  to  increase 
thi-  capacity  and  to  furnish  the  sand  in  better  condition.  The 
white  and  yellow  sands  are  worked  up  together,  and  after  washing 
make  a  light-colored,  clean  quartz  sand,  suitable1  for  good  grades 
of  glass.  When  prepared  by  itself  the  white  sand  is  of  very  high 
grade,  while  the  deep  n>A  clay  sand  makes  an  excellent  molding 
material.  The  glass  sand  is  mostly  used  at  present  by  the  (lint  and 
bottle  houses  at  Frankfort,  Ky.  Analyses  of  this  sand  are  given 
on  pane  376. 
OHIO. 
Sylvania. — The  plant  of  the  Toledo  Stone  and  Glass  Sand  Com- 
pany is  located  about  \  miles  southwest  of  Sylvania,  a  station  on  the 
Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railway,  10  miles  northwest  of 
Toledo.  Sandstone  and  dolomite  are  obtained  in  neighboring 
quarries  from  beds  of  the  Monroe  formation.  In  the  latest  Ohio 
Survey   reports  the  sandstone  phase  is   termed   the  Sylvania  sand- 
