GLASS-SAND    INDUSTKY    OF    INDIANA,   KENTUCKY,  AND    OHIO.       373 
this  might  be  obtained  from  wells  in  the  sandstone  sunk  below  river 
level  or  to  the  first  shale  bed.  When  finished  the  sand  is  of  a  light 
brownish-yellow  color,  evidently  containing  a  high  percentage  of 
ferric  oxide  as  compared  with  most  glass  sands.  The  whole  output, 
averaging  120  tons  a  day,  is  used  by  the  American  Bottle  Company 
at  Newark  in  the  manufacture  of  green  and  amber  bottles.  The 
quartz  pebbles,  or  gravel,  separated  in  screening,  constitute  an 
important  by-product  of  the  sand  and  are  sold  for  sand  blasting. 
Chalfants. — The  Central  Silica  Company,  with  offices  at  Zanes- 
ville,  operates  quarries  at  Chalfants,  Perry  County,  and  at  Rock- 
bridge, Hocking  County.  The  sandstone  utilized  at  Chalfants  lies 
high  in  the  bluff,  125  feet  above  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
track.  The  rock  is  a  light  grayish-yellow  sandstone,  massive  at  the 
base  but  becoming  thin-bedded  at  the  top,  and  about  35  feet  thick. 
A  few  layers  contain  small,  rounded  quartz  pebbles.  The  sandstone 
is  underlain  and  overlain  by  clay,  the  upper  clay,  3  to  10  feet  thick, 
forming  the  surface  of  the  hill.  About  2  feet  of  sandstone  is  left  at 
the  base  for  a  floor.  The  next  20  feet  of  beds  are  easily  crushed  and 
worked  into  glass  sand,  while  the  upper  10  to  12  feet,  which  is  a  very 
fine-grained  material,  indurated  nearly  to  a  quart^ite,  is  crushed 
ind  mixed  with  the  overlying  clay  to  form  ganister.  The  rock  is 
owered  to  a  mill  at  the  base  of  the  hill  by  a  cable  incline,  or  tram- 
way, crushed,  screened,  washed  by  "  augers,"  and  dried  in  a  rotary 
Iram.  Of  the  finished  product  the  glass  sand  goes  to  window  and 
3ottle  plants  in  central  Ohio,  and  the  ganister  and  pebbles  are  mainly 
taken  by  steel  mills  in  Detroit,  Mich. 
It  is  probable  that  a  vast  amount  of  good  material  is  still  available 
n  the  sandstone  of  Licking,  Muskingum,  and  Perry  counties. 
Massillon. — The  Everhard  Company  and  the  Sonnhalter  Sand 
and  Stone  Company  are  deriving  glass  sand  from  the  Massillon 
sandstone  of  the  "Coal  Measures."  In  the  Everhard  quarcy  about 
10  feet  of  grayish  and  buff-colored  sandstone  are  exposed.  The  rock 
of  the  lowest  beds  is  coarse  grained  and  at  some  places  has  been 
used  for  making  grindstones.  The  middle  beds  are  fine  to  medium 
grained,  and  the  upper  beds  in  places  grade  into  shale.  Shale  under- 
lies the  sandstone  and  clay  overlies  it.  The  Everhard  quarry  is  one 
of  the  oldest  in  the  State,  as  it  was  opened  nearly  70  years  ago  and 
at  present  the  quarry  face  extends  for  more  than  one-fourth  of  a 
mile.  The  preparation  of  the  sand  is  accomplished  in  a  ver}^  com- 
pact and  efficient  mill.  The  process  comprises  crushing,  rolling, 
screening,  and  drying.  The  drying  is  effected  by  two  16-foot  double- 
draft  rotaries,  which  burn  natural  gas.  The  sand  is  then  elevated 
to  cooling  drums,  where  the  fine  dust  is  drawn  out  by  fans.  This 
method  of  removing  the  dust  is  supposed  to  obviate  the  necessity 
of  washing  the  sand.     The  finished  product  is  a  light-yellow,  fine 
