FELDSPAR   AND    QUARTZ    DEPOSITS    OF    S.   E.    NEW    YORK.         395 
schist  has  been  injected  by  granite,  pegmal  ite,  and  basic  igneous  rocks, 
so  as  to  show  locally  a  gneissic  texture.  Here  and  there,  as  along  the 
road  from  Bedford  village  to  the  Hobby  quarry,  in  North  Castle,  small 
masses  of  normal  granite  occur.  There  can  be  little  doubt  thai  the 
pegmatites,  which  are  of  commercial  importance  in  this  region,  are 
simply  one  phase  of  the  granitic  intrusion  and  injection  of  the  Hudson 
schist,  and  that,  like  the  granites,  they  are  Silurian  or  later  in  age. 
KINKLE    QUARRY. 
This  quarry  is  situated  on  the  east  and  northeast  slopes  of  a  small 
hill  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  southeast  of  Bedford  village.  The 
excavations  consist  of  four  open  pits,  three  closely  adjacent  ones  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  hill  slope  and  one  at  a  lower  level.  All  the  pits 
are  elongate  in  a  northeast-southwest  direction,  which  probably  rep- 
resents the  trend  of  the  pegmatite  dikes.  The  lower  pit  exposes  the 
downward  and  northeastward  continuation  of  the  same  pegmatite 
mass  that  is  revealed  in  the  southernmost  of  the  upper-level  pits. 
The  northernmost  of  the  upper-level  pits  is  about  50  feet  wide,  100 
feet  long,  and  35  feet  in  maximum  depth.  The  two  southern  pits  on 
this  level  are  larger,  being  100  to  150  feet  wide,  ab(  ut  300  feet  long, 
and  about  50  feet  in  maximum  depth.  Most  of  the  rock  exposed  in 
the  central  pit  of  the  upper  group  is  quartz,  which  is  mainly  white  but 
here  and  there  assumes  a  very  beautiful  rose  tint.  Some  black  tour- 
maline occurs  in  single  crystals  or  radiating  crystal  aggregates  in  the 
quartz,  and  there  has  been  some  coating  of  fracture  planes  in  the  quartz 
with  thin  layers  of  black  tourmaline.  These  thin  coatings,  in  few 
places  over  one  thirty-second  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  have  plainly 
developed  subsequent  to  the  solidification  and  fracturing  of  the  quartz 
and  may  be  explained  either  as  secondary  depositions  by  surface 
waters  percolating  along  the  fractures  or  as  a  deposition  by  hot 
aqueous  or  gaseous  solutions  penetrating  along  the  cracks  in  the  peg- 
matite mass  in  the  very  latest  stages  of  its  solidification.  Quartz 
with  this  black-tourmaline  coating  is  unfit  for  commercial  use  and  is 
discarded.  The  quartz  seems  to  be  associated  with  the  feldspar  in  a 
wholly  irregular  manner.  It  forms  most  of  the  northwestern  and 
southwestern  walls  of  this  quarry  but  in  the  southeastern  wall  is 
abundant  only  at  the  base,  the  upper  parts  of  the  wall  being  feld- 
spathic.  The  feldspathic  constituents  of  the  pegmatite  are  best 
exposed  in  the  other  three  pits,  where  they  constitute  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  whole  rock.  The  feldspar  is  of  two  principal  varieties,  one 
pink  or  flesh-colored  and  the  other  white.  When  examined  under  the 
microscope,  the  pink  variety  shows  the  optical  properties  of  the  feld- 
spar microcline.  The  analyses  of  the  pink  spar  (see  Nos.  1  and  2  of  the 
following  table)  show  small  amounts  of  soda  and  lime,  but  no  soda  or 
lime-soda  feldspars  were  observed  associated  with  the  microcline  in 
