PHOSPHATE    DEPOSITS    IN    WESTERN    UNITED    STATES.  455 
The  detailed  structure  and  sequence  of  the  phosphate  series  here 
has  not  yet  been  fully  worked  out.  Heavy  wash  covers  the  base  of 
the  hills,  extending  a  considerable  distance  up  their  flanks,  to  a  point 
where,  the  phosphate  beds  have  been  opened  not  far  above  the  basal 
limestone. 
Some  of  the  beds  contain  flattened  nodules  of  a  white,  extremely 
fetid  calcite,  many  of  them  of  large  size.  These  have  also  been 
observed  at  other  localities,  in  beds  above  the  main  phosphate  bed. 
The  dip  of  the  strata  in  the  above  section  is  steep,  varying  from  45° 
to  60°  to  the  east,  with  an  average  strike  of  N.  10°  W.  On  the  north 
side  of  Weber  Canyon  the  beds  are  closely  folded  and  there  appears 
to  be  an  overthrust  by  which  the  outcrop  of  these  rocks  bends  some- 
what to  the  west. 
The  phosphate  series  has  been  traced  for  some  distance  on  both 
sides  of  the  canyon  by  means  of  test  pits  and  outcrops,  but  no  exten- 
sive developments  have  been  made. 
The  following  is  a  section  in  Tunnel  Hollow,  1  mile  south  of  the  sec- 
tion just  given: 
Section  in  Tunnel  Hollow. 
1.  Blue-gray  limestone. 
2*  Phosphate  and  interbedded  limestone 
3.  Alternating  bands  of  shale  and  phosphate. 
4.  Blue  limestone,   yellow  sandy  beds,   and  gray  limestones,   containing   spirifers, 
Produdus,  Bryozoa,  etc. 
5.  Red  shales  and  sandstones. 
WOODRUFF,  UTAH. 
The  phosphate  series  at  Woodruff,  Utah,  is  largely  concealed  by 
heavy  wash,  and  sufficient  work  has  not  yet  been  done  to  permit  the 
making  of  a  detailed  section.  The  phosphate  beds  are  exposed  along 
Twelvemile,  or  Woodruff,  Creek  and  Sugar  Pine  Creek,  about  12  miles 
west  of  Woodruff.  The  best  bed  immediately  overlies  the  basal 
limestone  and  averages  about  5  feet  in  thickness.  There  is  a  series 
of  smaller  beds  separated  by  limestone  and  shale,  as  observed  at  the 
other  localities.  The  upper  limestone,  with  characteristic  large 
spirifers  and  Productus,  is  also  present.  Sandstone  and  quartzite, 
standing  nearly  vertical  in  places,  crown  the  ridge  on  the  west  side  of 
Twelvemile  Creek  toward  the  south  end  of  the  outcrop  and  also  occur 
on  Sugar  Pine  Creek.  A  careful  determination  of  the  fossils  and  com- 
parison with  those  at  Montpelier,  Croydon,  and  other  places  is  being 
made  and  the  results  will  be  given  in  a  later  paper.  The  strike  of  the 
beds  varies  locally,  but  a  rough  average  would  be  about  N.  15°  E.; 
the  dip  is  to  the  west  at  various  angles,  ranging  from  nearly  horizontal 
to  60°. 
