PHOSPHATE    DEPOSITS    IN     WESTERN     UNITED    STATES.  457 
taken  to  the  platform  at  the  tunnel  mouth,  and  (lumped  into  the 
chute,  which  conducts  it  by  gravity  to  the  storage  bins.  The  phos- 
phate will  be  dumped  into  wagons  and  hauled  to  the  railroad  at 
Cokeville,  a  distance  of  about  2J  miles  over  a  level  road.  The  prop- 
erty is  controlled  by  the  Union  Phosphate  Company.  At  the  time 
of  visit  (October  12,  1906)  three  or  four  men  were  working  in  the 
tunnel  and  considerable  material  had  accumulated  awaiting  the  ar- 
rival of  cars.  No  facilities  for  rapid  handling  of  the  material  at  the 
railroad  had  been  provided.  Development  was  progressing  as  rap- 
idly as  possible  with  the  limited  number  of  men  employed. 
THOMAS    FORK,  WYOMING. 
There  is  an  extensive  exposure1  of  the  phosphate  series  low  down 
on  the  flanks  of  the  Sublette  Range  on  the  east  side  of  Thomas  Fork, 
which  empties  into  Bear  River  at  Border,  Idaho,  a  station  on  the 
Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad.  As  at  Montpelier,  the  series  is  exposed 
in  numerous  small  draws  that  cut  across  the  strike,  and  also  in  Ray- 
mond Canyon,  which  penetrates  the  range.  Between  these  points 
the  outcrop  is  largely  concealed  by  heavy  wash.  Several  peculiar 
features  characterize  the  series  here  and  its  detailed  structure  and 
geologic  relations  have  not  yet  been  fully  worked  out.  At  the  south 
end  of  the  exposure  the  beds  stand  at  a  high  angle,  in  places  almost 
vertical,  and  the  best  phosphate  bed  appears  to  be  underlain  by  a 
hard,  gray,  exceedingly  siliceous  rock,  apparently  a  cherty  limestone. 
This  has  withstood  the  erosion  of  the  softer  strata  and  outcrops 
boldly,  forming  high  vertical  reefs  along  the  range.  Above  the  main 
phosphate  bed  there  is  the  usual  succession  of  limestones,  shales,  and 
phosphate.  The  structure  is  somewhat  complicated  owing  to  the 
faulting  and  folding  of  the  strata.  At  the  north  end  of  the  exposure, 
which  is  about  7  miles  long,  the  beds  in  most  places  have  a  natter 
dip,  ranging  from  45°  to  60°  W.  The  general  strike  at  the  south  end 
is  roughly  north  and  south  and  at  the  north  end  of  the  exposure 
swings  a  little  to  the  west.  Some  long  cuts  were  made  across  the 
strata  late  in  the  fall  of  1906,  in  order  to  expose  their  sequence1,  but 
snow  came  before  the  detailed  study  of  the  section  was  completed. 
MONTPELIER,  IDAHO. 
The  succession  of  strata  in  the  range  east  of  Montpelier,  Idaho,  is, 
in  places,  broken  by  folding  and  faulting  and  where  this  is  the  case1 
the  structure  is  difficult  to  follow,  since  not  only  does  the  faulting  vary 
in  amount  of  displacement,  but  the  beds,  particularly  on  the  west  side 
of  the  fold,  contain  numerous  rolls  which  cause  both  the  strike  and 
dip  to  vary  considerably  within  rather  short  distances.  The  intense 
compression  to  which  these  beds  have  been  subjected  has  produced 
