A FLOCK OF PINE GROSBEAKS EATING MAPLE SEEDS IN THE DOORYARD. 
though, prove to be the red-shouldered 
hawk, a bird with a darker breast and 
nearly as large, or, by good luck, the 
American rough-legged hawk or the 
goshawk, both rather scarce winter visi- 
tors from the North. 
Sometimes these are quite common in 
winters when there is an influx of such 
birds as crossbills and redpolls, which 
they follow to feed upon. Occasion- 
ally one will meet the Cooper’s sharp- 
shinned, and sparrow hawks. ‘The great 
horned owl is most often started in 
deep woods, as are the barred and long- 
eared owls, medium-sized species, and 
the tiny saw-whet or Acadian owl. ‘The 
latter and also the little screech owl 
sometimes take refuge from the cold in 
buildings. 
Out on the open field or marsh one 
may run across the short-eared or marsh 
owl, or even the splendid white arctic 
snowy owl. In Canada one may also 
find the great gray, the Richardson’s, 
and the hawk owls, and from the 
Middle States south the odd, monkey- 
faced barn owl and the turkey and 
black vultures, or buzzards. ‘The 
“American”? eagle may appear almost 
anywhere, and more rarely the golden 
eagle. 
Inland the water birds are usually 
scarce because the waters are mostly 
frozen. Still, the “black” or dusky 
duck often manages to find a living in 
the swamps, and the goosander or large 
“sheldrake” on rivers through open- 
ings in the ice. But on the coast there is 
quite a profusion of life. Various gulls 
winnow over the waters. Loons and 
grebes are swimming and diving. A 
number of species of marine ducks in 
flocks are careering about in striking 
formations, or else are on the water in 
“rafts” feeding or resting. 
Especially from Chesapeake Bay 
southward there are hordes of the va- 
rious wild fowl, and some shore birds, 
such as plovers, sandpipers, and snipes; 
while northward from Massachusetts 
we may find on the cold, wind-swept 
ocean such hardy birds as the auks, 
guillemots, puffins, gannets, and eider 
and harlequin ducks. Sometimes off 
Cape .Cod during the Christmas holi- 
days I have had a veritable feast for eye 
and soul in the abundance of these lively 
wild birds, so shy and innocent of civ- 
ilization. 
Southward, say from Washington, 
the typical land birds, in addition to 
some already mentioned, are such 
species as the cardinal, mocking bird, 
red-headed and red-bellied woodpeckers, 
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