Campbell]  THE    DEER    CREEK    COAL    FIELD,    ARIZONA.  249 
lying  sandstone  is  65°  at  the  surface,  increasing  to  80°  100  feet  below;  the  latter 
statement  given  by  the  miners.     In  the  tunnel  which  cuts  through  two  of  the  best 
beds  thus  far  opened,  the  coal  appears  in  the  form  of  thin  layers,  interbedded  with 
bituminous  shale. 
The  section  of  the  first  bed  cut  by  the  tunnel  gives — 
Ft.     In. 
1.  Black,   bituminous  shaly  coal,  irregular,  shining,  but  not  of 
economic  value 3      0 
2.  Clear  bituminous  coal 0     10 
3.  Bituminous  shale  with  parting  of  coal,  similar  to  No.  2 4      2 
Total 8      0 
The  second  bed  is  40  feet  beyond,  3J  feet  in  thickness,  with  10  inches  of  clear  coal 
in  one  body. 
A  shaft  was  sunk  on  the  first  bed,  and  the  miners  stated  that  the  coal  thickened 
up  as  they  went  down,  but  from  the  fact  that  they  made  no  distinction  between  the 
bituminous  shaly  matter  and  the  true  coal,  little  reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  state- 
ment as  proving  the  existence  of  a  thicker  bed  of  coal.  The  displacement  of  the 
beds  during  the  uplifting  of  the  strata  and  the  intrusion  of  the  dikes  of  lava  has  pli- 
cated the  coal-bearing  shales  in  places  and  thus  given  a  greater  thickness  in  spots 
than  the  beds  had  originally.     *     *    * 
*  *•  *  As  now  known,  those  beds  that  present  the  fairest  prospect  are  limited 
to  a  narrow  area,  about  3  miles  long,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  valley,  on  what  we 
have  called  the  Anderson  field.  That  they  extend  beneath  the  lava  to  the  west- 
ward is  quite  probable,  but  to  what  extent  or  how  much  they  have  been  broken  up 
by  the  numerous  dikes  and  masses  of  lava  that  traverse  the  strata  is  unknown. 
Mr.  James  Little  stated  that  he  knew  of  at  least  40  different  seams  of  bituminous 
shale  and  coaly  matter  between  the  limestone  and  the  uppermost  bed  containing 
coal,  a  distance  of  2,700  feet  on  the  surface  and  2,100  feet  in  thickness  of  strata.  Of 
those  the  two  seams  shown  in  the  tunnel  and  the  first  one  beyond  and  above  alone 
appear  to  be  of  economic  importance. 
It  may  be  that  when  the  work  of  development  is  carried  forward  some  of  the  beds 
not  now  opened  will  give  thicker  beds  of  workable  coal  than  those  exposed  by  the 
work  done  in  the  Anderson  field,  but  this  is  uncertain  and  doubtful. 
******* 
Toward  the  lower  end  of  the  valley,  about  10  miles  from  the  Anderson  field,  the 
strike  swings  around  to  the  east  and  west,  and  a  few  exposures  of  bituminous  beds 
were  observed.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  prospect  holes,  no  work  has  been  done 
toward  developing  this  portion  of  the  field. 
Since  the  first  exploitation  of  the  Upper  field,  as  noted  in  the  report 
just  given,  two  other  fields  have  been  prospected  on  the  north  side  of 
the  basin,  viz,  the  Middle  and  Lower  fields.  There  is  no  sharp  line 
of  division  between  these,  but,  in  a  general  way,  the  Upper  field  occu- 
pies the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the  s}^nclinal  basin  and  may  be 
regarded  as  lying  entirely  east  of  the  trail  leading  from  Manning's 
ranch  to  San  Carlos.  The  Middle  field  lies  west  of  this  trail  and  is 
separated  from  the  Lower  field  by  some  lava-capped  knobs  which 
seem  to  cut  off  the  outcrop  of  the  Cretaceous  rocks  along  the  north 
rim  of  the  basin.  The  Lower  field  lies  west  of  these  knobs  and  it  is 
bounded  on  the  west  by  Corral  Mesa,  a  large,  intrusive  mass  near  the 
