butts.]  COAL    MINING,    WILMORE    BASIN,    PENNSYLVANIA.  327 
is  also  a  small  mine  in  that  coal  in  the  hill  south  of  Bennington;  both 
are  drifts.  In  addition  to  these  working  mines,  the  Lower  Kittanning 
coal  was  formerly  worked  at  the  Bennington  shaft  of  the  Cambria  Iron 
Company  and  at  the  Dennison  and  Porter  shaft,  about  1^  miles  south- 
east of  Gallitzin.  The  Upper  Freeport  coal  was  mined  many  years 
ago  near  the  old  Portage  Railroad,  on  the  Lemon  property,  at  the  head 
of  Blairs  Gap  Run.  To  this  fact  the  name  "Lemon  seam"  doubtless 
owes  its  origin.  The  coal  was  reached  by  a  shaft  60  feet  deep.  The 
Lower  Kittanning  coal  was  also  formerly  mined  along  this  run,  and 
there  are  several  country  banks  at  which  it  is  mined  at  present.  There 
is  but  one  mine  at  Cresson,  the  Webster  No.  9,  working  the  Upper 
Freeport  coal,  which  it  reaches  by  a  shaft  300  feet  deep.  Much  of  the 
Upper  Freeport  coal  mined  at  these  places  is  made  into  coke. 
Between  Cresson  and  Lilly,  about  one-half  mile  southwest  of 
Dyerstown,  there  is  a  small  drift  mine  in  the  Upper  Freeport  coal. 
Bear  Rock  Run,  which  enters  the  Little  Conemaugh  at  Lilly,  has  cut 
deep  into  the  flank  of  the  mountain,  making  easily  accessible  a  large 
body  of  coal  in  the  hills  on  both  sides  of  its  valley.  The  Upper  Free- 
port  coal  comes  to  the  surface  from  the  Wilmore  syncline  along  the 
Little  Conemaugh  from  the  village  of  Lilly  nearly  to  Bens  Creek,  and 
rises  thence  rapidly  along  both  sides  of  the  valley  of  Bear  Rock  Run, 
and  Anally  outcrops  high  up  on  the  mountain  side.  The  Lower  Kit- 
tanning coal  rises  to  the  surface  on  Bear  Rock  Run  about  one-half 
mile  above  Lilly  and  rises  parallel  with  the  Upper  Freeport  and  in  turn 
outcrops  still  higher  up  on  the  mountain  side.  Much  of  the  Upper 
Freeport  coal  made  accessible  along  this  valley  has  already  been 
worked  out  and  the  old  workings  may  be  seen  in  the  vicinity  of  Lilly 
as  well  as  southward  along  the  Little  Conemaugh  nearly  to  Bens 
Creek.  Mining  on  Bear  Rock  Run  is  therefore  confined  to  the  Lower 
Kittanning  coal.  The  mines  are  all  drifts  and  are  in  ascending  order 
along  the  run  as  follows:  The  W.  H.  Piper,  about  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  above  Lilly;  the  Lilly  Mining  Company's  mine,  one-half  mile 
beyond  the  Piper;  the  Sonman  No.  4,  belonging  to  W.  H.  Piper,  one- 
fourth  mile  still  farther  up  the  run,  and  the  Bear  Rock  Mining  Com- 
pany's mine  2  miles  above  Lilly. 
About  1  mile  south  of  Lilly,  on  the  Little  Conemaugh,  the  Upper 
Freeport  coal  is  being  worked  at  the  Moshannon  mine.  This  mine 
enters  on  the  outcrop  of  the  coal  and  is  working  down  the  dip  into  the 
Wilmore  syncline. 
On  all  the  other  streams  previously  mentioned  the  conditions  of 
physical  geography  are  similar  to  those  on  Bear  Rock  Run,  and  it  is 
necessary  only  to  describe  the  mining  operations  located  along  their 
courses.  These  will  be  mentioned  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence 
above  the  mouths  of  the  streams. 
On  Bens  Creek  the  Laughman  Coal  Company's  mine  and  the  Sonman 
