328  CONTRIBUTIONS    TO    ECONOMIC    GEOLOGY,   1903.  [bull.  225. 
mine,  operated  by  the  Loyal  Hanna  Coal  Company,  are  about  one-half 
mile  above  its  mouth.  The  former  mine  is  a  drift  on  the  Lower  Kit- 
tanning  coal  at  the  point  where  it  crops  out,  and  the  latter  reaches  the 
same  coal  by  a  shaft.  Next  come  the  Webster  No.  2  and  the  Piper 
No.  1  mines,  on  opposite  sides  of  the  creek,  about  a  mile  up.  Both 
are  working  the  Lower  Kittanning  coal  by  drift.  The  latter  mine  is 
owned  by  A.  C.  Blowers.  An  interesting  feature  of  this  mine  is  the 
occurrence  of  a  seam  of  coal,  4  to  5  feet  thick,  14  feet  above  the  Lower 
Kittanning  coal.  This  coal  is  known  at  other  points,  but  nowhere  else 
is  it  of  workable  thickness,  unless  it  be  so  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Piper 
mine,  on  Bear  Rock  Run,  where  it  is  reported  4  feet  thick.  There 
may  be  a  considerable  body  of  this  coal  of  workable  thickness  between 
Bens  Creek  and  Bear  Rock  Run.  About  1\  miles  up  Bens  Creek  are 
the  Webster  No.  2  and  the  Metzger  mines,  nearly  opposite  each  other. 
Both  are  drifts,  the  former  in  the  Lower  Kittanning,  on  the  south,  and 
the  latter  in  the  Upper  Freeport  coal,  on  the  north  of  the  creek. 
At  Sonman,  midway  between  Bens  Creek  and  Portage,  are  two  oper- 
ations— the  Shoemaker  mine,  a  drift  on  the  Upper  Freeport  coal,  and 
the  Sonman  mine,  in  the  Lower  Kittanning  coal,  which  it  reaches  b/^  a 
shaft. 
On  Trout  Run  the  first  working  mine  is  the  Hopfer,  a  drift  in  the 
Upper  Freeport  coal  near  the  level  of  the  creek,  about  1J  miles  above 
Portage.  There  are  a  number  of  abandoned  openings  at  this  place  in 
the  Upper  Freeport,  showing  that  it  lias  formerly  been  worked  here 
to  a  considerable  extent.  Three-fourths  of  a  mile  farther  up  the  run 
is  the  Lukens  and  Haupt  mine,  a  drift  in  the  Upper  Freeport.  At 
Puritan,  a  short  distance  bevond,  is  the  shaft  of  the  Puritan  Mining 
Company  to  the  Lower  Kittanning  coal.  A  short  distance  above  this 
shaft  and  north  of  the  run  is  a  drift  in  the  Upper  Freeport  belonging 
to  George  Pearse  &  Son.  A  short  distance  farther  up  Pearse  &  Son 
are  mining  the  "D"  or  Cement  seam,  which  corresponds  to  the  Upper 
Kittanning  coal  of  the  Allegheny  Valley.  This  coal  also  is  worked  at 
the  mine  of  the  New  York  Coal  and  Transportation  Company  directly 
south  of  the  run  from  the  Pearse  mine.  These  are  the  only  mines  in 
the  quadrangle  in  the  Upper  Kittanning  seam.  Near  the  pit  mouth  of 
the  Pearse  mine  the  coal  is  93i  inches  thick,  the  lower  46i  inches  being 
clear  coal  and  the  upper  47  inches  being  composed  of  two  benches  of 
coal  and  two  of  slate.  Farther  in  the  mine  the  upper  slaty  portion 
dies  out  and  the  lower  bench  of  coal  is  reduced  to  41  inches.  The  New 
York  Coal  and  Transportation  Company  also  operates  a  mine  in  the 
Upper  Freeport  coal  on  the  hillside  above  its  mine  in  the  Upper  Kit- 
tanning coal.  The  interval  between  the  two  beds  at  this  point  is  90 
feet.  A  short  distance  up  the  run  from  the  mines  just  described  the 
Lower  Kittanning  rises  to  the  surface,  and  a  number  of  mines  are 
working  it.     The  Plymouth   Mining  Company's   mine   reaches   the 
