smith]  CEMENT    RESOURCES    OF    ALABAMA.  439 
Above  Demopolis  at  Areola  and  Hatchs  Bluff  the  bluish  clayey  lime- 
stones of  the  Selma  division  are  seen  in  force,  with  the  lowermost 
ledges  of  the  Demopolis  division — the  horse-bone  rock — capping-  them. 
Two  analyses  of  these  varieties  at  Hatchs  Avill  show  well  the  contrast 
in  their  chemical  composition  (analyses  19  and  20,  p.  446.) 
From  Demopolis  eastward  the  line  of  the  Southern  Railway  is 
located  on  the  outcrop  of  this  white  rock,  at  least  as  far  as  Massillon, 
where  it  passes  into  the  territory  of  the  lower  or  Selma  division. 
Two  miles  from  Demopolis  on  this  road  is  the  cement  manufacturing 
plant  of  the  Alabama  Portland  Cement  Company,  with  six  kilns  in 
place.  The  quarry  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  railroad  track  from 
the  kilns,  but  only  a  few  hundred  feet  distant.  The  clay  used  is 
residual  clay  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  the  limestone,  and  is 
obtained  from  the  river  bank  a  few  yards  away.  The  composition  of 
the  rock  and  of  the  clay  used  in  the  manufacture  is  shown  by  analyses 
15,  18,  46.  A  specimen  taken  from  Knoxwood  station,  between  the 
cement  works  and  Demopolis  station,  shows  similar  composition  (see 
analysis  17).  The  analyses  below  given  (61-63,  p.  447)  show  the 
chemical  character  of  the  cement  manufactured  at  Demopolis. 
At  Van  Dorn  station  the  white  rock  outcrops  in  the  fields  over 
considerable  territory,  and  just  east  of  the  station  there  is  a  deep  cut 
through  it.  Analyses  from  about  Van  Dorn  show  sufficiently  well 
the  character  of  the  material  at  these  points  (analyses  21,  22,  47,  48, 
49,  50,  51,  52). 
About  Union  town  the  bare  rock  is  exposed  at  numerous  points,  and 
the  advantages  of  this  place  for  the  location  of  manufacturing  plants 
seem  to  be  very  great.  Specimens  have  been  taken  from  the  Brad- 
field  and  Shields  places,  west  of  the  town,  from  the  Pitts  place  east 
of  it,  and  from  a  point  south  of  the  town  along  the  McKinley  road. 
Other  specimens  have  come  from  plantations  near  the  road  for  several 
miles  eastward  and  the  analyses  are  appended  (analyses  23,  24,  25,  26). 
The  composition  of  the  residual  clay  overling  the  limestone  at  the 
Pitts  Home  place  is  shown  by  analysis  55,  South  of  Massilon,  near 
the  crossing  of  the  Southern  and  Louisville  and  Nashville  railroads,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Martins  station,  the  white  rock  shows  in  numerous 
exposures  through  the  fields,  making  a  country  somewhat  similar  to 
that  about  Uniontown.  At  manyr  points  the  rock  has  no  overburden 
and  is  admirably  adapted  to  cheap  quarrying.  On  the  banks  of  Bogue 
Chitto  Creek,  near  Martins  station,  on  the  Milhous  place,  the  rock  is 
exposed  in  a  bluff  with  a  bed  of  plastic  clay  overlying,  but  here  it  is 
below  a  considerable  thickness  of  red  loam  and  sands  of  the  Lafayette 
formation.  The  character  of  the  rock  at  Milhous  station,  west  of 
Martins,  may  be  seen  from  the  analysis  No.  27. 
The  same  rocks  make  the  great  bluff  of  White  Bluff,  on  Alabama 
River.     Specimens  were  selected  from  this  bluff  at  two  points — one 
