Phe HP SMT-Oe RY “of PN SRC & 5, c 
The other difference, or that which is re- 
markable in fhape between the Fly, Tab. XLI. 
fig. 11,.and its Nymph, and between the other 
infects already mentioned, and theirs, confifts 
chiefly in this, that the wings which in the 
common, or more fcarce Fly, appear ftretched 
out and expanded over the body, are folded 
up in the Nymph, and lie clofe along its fides, 
and between its legs. This is alfo the cafe in 
the common Ant; whereas both in the Fly and 
its Nymph, the horns, and probofcis or trunk, 
are almoft the fame in every refpect. 
The third difference, or that which is ob- 
ferved between the Bee and its Nymph, Tab. 
XXV. fig. vi. and the infects already named, 
and their Nymphs, is this, that the legs and 
Nymph of the Bee, which, befides horns, has 
. four wings, and a little trunk turned up towards 
its body, carries thofe parts in a different po- 
fition, from that wherein they are feen in the 
Bee itfelf, and in a manner which makes it dif- 
ficult to difcern them. The wings, like thofe 
of the common Fly, Tab. XXXVIII. fig. iv. 
are folded up, and lie clofe along its fides, and 
between its legs; but the little trunk, fo dif 
ficult to be obferved in the common Fly and its 
Nymph, is very confpicuous in that of the 
Bee, where it lies delicately difpofed between 
the contracted legs of the embryo. 
As therefore all the parts of thefe Nymphs 
may be eafily diftinguifhed in them, though 
occafionally with fome accidental differences ; 
fo one thing is equally common to all of them, 
namely, that each of them clearly expreffes the 
infe& which is to be expe¢ted from it, or is ra- 
ther already that very infe@t; which in the 
manner of the Caterpillar, the better to explain 
the difference between the Nymph and the 
future infect, is now preparing to caft off a fkin, 
to become froma Nymph, a winged animal ; in 
the fame manner as it had caft one off before, 
from a Worm, to become a Nymph. Thefe 
operations of nature Libavius* has fufficiently 
explained in the Silk Worm, and faithfully re- 
prefented in his elegant drawings. 
It is, moreover, worthy to be obferved, that 
the legs, wings, trunk, horns, and every other 
part of the animal, are covered with a mem- 
brane of equal thicknefs, in every place where 
they do not lie upon each other. This is the 
reafon why, in the Nymphs of infeéts, almoft 
all the members appear free, flexible, and ca- 
pable of motion; for there is a {pace between 
all thefe parts acceffible to the air; and they 
neither touch, nor can adhere to one another. 
This alfo is the reafon, why the free {pace 
produces a flight fhade between fome of the 
parts, affording the curious eye an opportunity 
of determining exactly the figure of the infe@’s 
little body, and all its limbs; to this caufe 
alfo, we are toattribute, that the Nymphs become 
of a particular colour, as foon-as they have gone 
through their neceflary change, and appear of 
a perfect milky whitenefS. 
* Obf. Hitt. Bomb L. I, C, 21. 
¢ Inf. Th. L. IL. C. 36. de Aurel. 
C 
In the Chryfallides, fome of which, like the 
other Nymphs, afflume this milky hue at the 
time of their change, but afterwards become 
{potted with gold, or entirely cloathed in. that 
rich colour, it is a more difficult matter, ona 
bare furvey of their outfides, to diftinguith the 
parts of the infect one from another. Their 
legs, wings, and the reft are folded up, and 
as it were packed together in a moft intricate 
manner: and this difficulty has been the caufe, 
as will be hereafter fhewn, of the principal 
miftakes of writers on this fubject. 
It is likewife worthy to be obferved, that the 
Nymphs of all the three infe€ts we have here 
taken notice of, the Ant, the Fly, and the Bee, 
immediately after their change become tender 
and flexible, and indeed fluid, in a manner like 
water ‘itfelf; fo that they lofe all their former 
ftrength and vigour: this made Gaza, with 
great reafon, call them invalids, as the learned 
Aldrovandus has obferved, fince they remain in 
this condition almoft to the end of this period 
of their life. Mouffet feems to have taken 
notice of this foftnefs in fome Chryfallides, 
the caufe of which we fhall explain in its due 
place, with the neceffity there is for it. That 
author’s words are, -- “© When Pliny fays that 
‘* the body of the Chryfalis is hard, Timagine he 
“* means the Caterpillar.’ The fkins which are 
thrown off by the Nymphs here mentioned, 
are fo twifted and folded together, that, without 
a delicate hand, and a great deal of experience, 
it is a hard tafk to difplay them properly ; this 
will appear when we come to relate our ob- 
fervations upon Bees, the curiofity of which 
has a right to command the admiration of _ 
mankind. 
We now proceed to the fourth difference, 
or that which belongs peculiarly to the Chry- 
falis, and, like the reft, is only accidental, though 
a great deal more remarkable. That the reader 
may know what Chryfalis we are about to 
compare with its Butterfly, and afterwards with 
the Nymphs of the Ant, and the Fly and 
the Bee, and, laftly, with thefe infe@s them- 
felves; we are to inform him, that we thall 
take fer our prefent example that Chryfalis, of 
which Mouffet ¢ gives a drawing in number XII 
of his diurnal Butterflies, which is the fame 
with that defcribed by Goedaert, in the twenty- 
firft experiment of his firft part, and which I 
have reprefented feveral ways in Tab. XXXV 
of this work. 
The difference between this Butterfly and 
its Chryfalis, as well as between the other 
Nymphs heretofore mentioned, and their ani- 
macules, is as follows. The wings, which 
in the Butterfly arife from the fthoulders, are 
very large, and hang over the back of its body, 
in the Chryfalis, Tab. XXV. fig. vir. are gather- 
ed up and folded into the fhape and fize of half 
the nail of a man’s little finger, and are turned 
in towards the belly, againtt which they lic of 
an equal thicknefs, #2 77. : 
Fine Th L. 1 C. ge 
7 fue 
