The HIS TORY of INS ECTS. 
mon Loufe, though it be at the fame time 
equally fingular and remarkable, I have given 
drawings of it, both of its natural fize, and 
as the microfcope reprefents it, in the fpecial 
treatifes on infects of this firft clafs, under the 
name of the water arborefcent Flea *. Thefe 
drawings are’ exhibited in Tab. XXXI, and 
acomplete defcription of the infect immedi- 
ately follows that of the Loufe. 
I now pafs to the Afellus, or wood Loufe, | 
which is found of all fizes-+-, and may, partly 
for that reafon, and partly for others, be ranked 
in this firft clafs. I have in my collection three 
kinds of this infect ; the firft is the common 
ground Afellus; the fecond has great, black, 
prominent eyes, a diftinét head, and a thorax 
like a hood; the third kind is very remark- 
“able for folding itfelf into a ball when handled, 
and remaining for fome time in that pofture. 
I likewife preferve feveral skins thrown off 
by Afelli, floughs or dead skins, which ftill exhi- 
bit the exact figure of the infect. Thefe floughs 
produce a great fermentation, when mixed 
with acids; whence we may juftly infer, that 
they contain a great deal of alcaline falt, and 
therefore may be of great fervice in curing the 
dropfy, ftone, and gravel in the kidneys. 
I likewife have in my collection fome fea 
Afelli. I give them this name, becaufe they 
are found in falt-waters. The largeft of thefe 
is one that meafures two inches and a quarter 
in length, and one inchanda quarter in breadth; 
it confifts of eight rings, of a firm and bony 
fubftance. I have likewife a very fmall Afel- 
lus of the fame kind, which I caught in the 
North fea near Petten. Door Padbrugge 
fent me from the ifland of Ternate, another 
f{pecies of Afellus, under the name of the fea 
Loufe. It is almoft half an inch long, con- 
fifts likewife of eight rings fomewhat coloured, 
and, like the Sea Hedge-hog, or Echinus, hasa 
border of {mall prickles; but thefe infects have 
no legs. 
I preferve alfo fome other kinds of fea 
Afelli, more curious than thefe already menti- 
oned, amongft which there are four, whofe 
fhape is like that of the Shrimp. The firft of 
thefe, which is the biggeft, is an inch long, 
has a flender body, feven legs on each fide, 
like the ground Affellus, and large horns which 
meet in a fharp point; the laft ring of the 
body in this f{pecies is much longer than the 
reft, and running out into a three-pointed ex- 
tremity. The fecond and third kinds are much 
fmaller, but almoft of the fame ftruGure. 
The fourth differs from the three kinds already 
mentioned in this, that its fore legs are much 
longer than its whole body, and thefe are di- 
vided into four very diftin& joints. It is like- 
wife the finalleft of the four kinds, not ex- 
* Latter diftin@ions do not permit us to give this fingular creature the name Pudex or Flea. 
chara€tersof which, according to Linnzus, are, that the fore feet are bran 
that the eye is fingle, but compofed of three, and that the head has a cr 
t+ The charaéters of the Afellus are, that the bod 
number of legs is uncertain, ten, fourteen or fixteen. 
{mall, to the Crab kind. 
2a 
/ 
ceeding half an inch in length, even when 
its claws are ftretched out to their greateit 
extent. : 
I preferve alfo a broad fea Afellus, fent to 
me from Iceland; it is an inch long, half an 
inch broad, and compofed of {even rings, in- 
cluding the head and tail. Its antenne or horns 
are {harp and {hort, its eyes are brown, its fix 
foremoft legs are armed with fharp and crooked 
claws, and near its tail, on both fides, are two 
flat fins, Olaus Borrichius obferves, that the 
whole body of this infect appears to be fup- 
ported by a fimple bone, not unlike in {hape 
to a {mall date, but of a horny or cartilaginous 
fubftance. I have fome of the fame, kind but 
very fmall, which I took in the falt-water. 
river that runs by Amfterdam. I can alfo thew 
avery uncommon kind of fea Afellus, which I 
caught near Petten ; it is fcarce an halfinch long, 
of a globular but fomewhat oblong form, re- 
fembling a pear, with a pretty long tail, and 
fome fins. I preferve with thefe fome Scro- 
phule, which belong to the genus of Afelli, 
The firft of thefe I caught on the coaft of the 
North fea; it is very fmall, always runs, and 
fometimes {wims flantingly, and when afhore 
leaps as the Flea does. 
Amongft the. Scrophule which I have taken 
in the frefh waters and rivers of Holland, is 
to be mentioned, that kind which is called 
Snel. This has a pretty way of running flant- 
ingly, and if we may believe the tales of fither- 
men, it readily kills the Perch, by running it- 
felf fuddenly into the gills of that fifth, We 
have no experience to confirm this tradition. J 
know, indeed, that this little animal is farnithed 
with arms fufficient. for the purpofe: being 
held in the hand, it excitesa kind of tingling : 
now the gills of Perches, and indeed of all fith, 
are fo tender and delicate, that it is almoft im- 
poflible they fhould not die on receiving wounds 
in that part, through which all the blood of 
fith is circulated, in the fame manner that the 
blood of other animals is all circulated through 
their lungs. This kind of Scrophula is found 
equally in frefh and fale waters. 
After thefe follows properly the Worms, 
which fome have called the inteftines of the 
earth. Thefe proceed immediately from the 
egg, and do not afterwards undergo any change, 
coming forth at their full perfeGion. The 
fermales, from their firft hatching, have their 
little eggs, which are very diftin@: and percep- 
tible. I obferve, that this genus may be 
divided into many {pecies. 
Though it is no hard tafk to diftinguith in 
feveral kinds of Worms and Caterpillars the 
males from the females, by carefully examin- 
ing them, but chiefly by difletion, to fee if 
they have any eggs within them, yet they fel- 
It is of the monoculous kind, the 
ched, and are found equal for {wimming or for leaping ; 
uftaceous covering. 
y approaches to an oval form, and the tail is fimple, and not foliated. The 
oF leg The genus is now called Onifcus, 
the Shrimp kind; and fome others which approach to it in many refpects, 
The plain tail diftinguithes it from 
but by their leafy or foliated tails are referred, though 
dom 
