28 The BO © © cof 
dom copulate while in the Worm flate; fo 
that Goedaert feems to advance a paradox, 
when, in the feventy-fourth experiment of 
his firft part, he reprefents as a male Worm, 
an infect which he afterwards, on its having 
undergone the ufual change, calls a female, 
in the feventy-fifth experiment. This is the 
fame as if an infant, who we called a boy, 
we fhould afterwards, on his arriving at the 
{tate of maturity, denominatea woman. But 
T {hall {peak more of this hereafter. In the 
mean time I muft remark, that my reafon for 
animadverting thus freely on the miftakes of 
others, is, that fucceeding writers may take 
the fame liberty with me, by which means 
truth will at length univerfally triumph ; for 
T am well aware how much we are apt to 
be pleafed with our own conceits, and how 
often deceived by that fondnefs, fo as to take 
them for the true reprefentations of nature. 
However, I have no great reafon, I think, to 
dread the fevereft inquiry into my obfervations, 
fo that I with pleafure give them up to the 
examination of thofe who {hall think it worth 
their while to compare them with the things 
themfelves, which is the only method of com- 
ing to a certainty, in inveftigating what belongs 
to the animals of which I have been treating. 
Neverthelefs I muft candidly own, that many 
of the particulars I have mentioned as yet, ap- 
pear fo obfcure to me, that I can at moft but 
confider myfelf as a novice in this bufinefs ; 
befides, that words are wanting often to exprefs 
the wonders which occur in the ftudy of 
infects. 
Scorpions * belong to this clafs of the infec 
kind; they are produced from an egg like the 
Loufe, as will appear in the account I fhall 
give of them in particular, after the hiftory of 
the water arborefcent Flea. 
I.am of opinion alfo, that the Leech -} is 
to be arranged in this clafs, though I have no 
particular experiments to confirm that opinion, 
except its being found of almoft all fizes. It 
is very remarkable how firmly this infect will 
fatten itfelf to the fides of the glafs veffels in 
which it is kept, fo as not to be feparated from 
them without the greateft difficulty. This, I 
apprehend, it effects by preffing its body clofe 
to the glafs, and then {welling it in the middle, 
fo as to repel the water in which it fwims. 
Thus, if we apply to a ftone a round piece of 
leather, with a ftring fixed to the center of it, 
and then pull this ftring, the ftone and leather 
unite very firmly together {. 
I refer alfo the Scolopendra, or Centipes, to 
this clafs, as I have met with this infect of all 
fizes, and could never yet difcover that it chang- 
NSPS URES” aoe, 
editsform. Ihave got one of the largeft kind; 
which is even a {pan long, and was fent me 
from the Eaft Indies. I preferve alfo other 
kinds of this infect, as the Lybian Scolopendra 
of Mouftet, and the water Scolopendra, and 
m fine, fome Juli, or Gally Worms, which 
we ought to rank with this kind. 
After thefe infects follows the Snail, as pro- 
ceeding dire€tly from an egg, and not being 
liable afterwards to any change. I preferve a 
fort of Snail, in which, on cutting off the 
head, is found a ftone, called the fnail ftone, 
faid to be ferviceable in the gravel and ftran- 
gury. Under this {tone we always find the 
heart, which retains a pulfation, and is, with 
the vefiels that {pring from it, of a very white 
colour. As on cutting off the Snail’s head, 
this ftone is always to be met with, it feems 
probable, that it ferves for the fame ufe as the 
Os Sterni does in other animals: it 1s further 
obfervable, that nature has formed Snails in 
fuch a manner, that they void their excre- 
ments at their neck, breathe at their neck, and 
have there alfo all the parts fubfervient to 
generation. I have obferved alfo, that every 
Snail is both male and female; in a word, a 
perfect hermaphrodite: the penis is formed 
like that of the Whale, and is of a furprifing 
length. But I fhall hereafter treat of all thefe 
particulars more at large. The Englifh au- 
thors, who publifhed a catalogue of the plants 
that grow in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, 
have already obferved, that Snails are herma- 
phrodites. 
To come to a conclufion, I preferve alfo in 
my cabinet the teeth of Snails, which are 
flexible, and of a horny fubftance ; as likewife 
the heart of a Snail with its auricles, preferved 
in a balfam, and properly infected. j 
All the infects hitherto mentioned iffue di- 
rectly perfect into light, and are never changed 
into motionlefs Nymphs; for their eggs, with- 
out any intermediate ftate, afford young in- 
fects exactly like the old ones, which grow to 
their due bignefs in time, whilft their limbs 
acquire firmnefs and ftrength. Nor do they 
in this refpect differ from thofe other animals, 
which Harvey tells us proceed from a perfect 
egg, though before they attain their full growth, 
they may be obliged to change their fkins, and 
fome of them in their laft change of their fkin 
undergo fome further changes: for this reafon 
I have confidered them as Nymph animals. 
Befides, fome of them, like mankind and 
quadrupedes, hatch their eggs within their 
bodies, and are therefore viviparous. This is 
the cafe with Scorpions, and fome fpecies of 
Snails. 
* The generical charaéters of the Scorpion, as now eftablifhed by Linnaus, are, that it has eight legs, with claws on the fore- 
head; eight eyes, two on the upper part of the thorax, and fix at the fides, with a tail armed with its fting. . - 
+ The Leech, like the Earth Worm, conftitutes a particular genus of infeéts; the characters are few and plain; the body is fimple, 
and is expanded into breadth at each end: we have two kinds common in hallow waters, the Leech ufed for bleeding, and the 
cylindrick kind. 
{ Morand, in the memoirs of the aca 
demy of fciences at Paris, has accurately defcribed the mouth of the Leech ; it confifts 
of five parts, two lips, a hollow for receiving the blood, an inftrument to pierce the fkin, which is compofed of three fharp points, 
and an CEfophagus for {wallowing the blood. The Leech will live in oil, which is deftruétive of moft other infects, if only rubbed 
upon their fkins. The Leech, when taken out of oil and put again into water, calls a thin and very delicate fkin, 
The 
