ae The BOOK of 
The particles which I take to be the fat 
of the Loufe, are for the moft part very {mall, 
but extremely numerous, though we may dif- 
cover it in a larger fpecies or kind of fat par« 
ticles ; the figure of the fmalleft kind of par- 
ticles is ufually globular, but that of the greater‘. 
is more irregular. They are of a clear tranf+ 
parent colour, like gelly, but all the other parts 
of this animal are not of that colour. 
The ramifications of the trachea, afpera 
arterla, or windpipe, conftitute the — prin- 
cipal part of this infect; a very confiderable 
number of them are found in the head, breaft, 
belly, legs; nay, and in the antenne or horns. 
We may likewife obferve, that they are con- 
nected and {upported by the fat, as I have found 
in other infects: and thefe are the white veffels 
which are feen through the tranfparent body, 
as I have obferved in the hiftory of the exter- 
nal parts. ‘The reafon that thefe pulmonary 
pipes are feen through the skin, is, that they 
are of a filver colour, or light bright mother 
of pearl, and therefore afford a very agreeable 
fight, whilft the animal lives. ‘Fhey conftantly 
keep this colour, nor will they ever fade, ‘for 
their ftructure is fuch, that they remain always 
open. 
As to their compofition, it confifts of a dou- 
ble matter; a part is compofed of rings, which 
refemble the cartilages of the trachea, or wind- 
pipe, inman. It appears very diftin¢tly by the 
microfcope, that thefe rings often bend them- 
felves round, in order to form a cavity and 
open pipe, Tab. I. fig. vir.a; but this does 
not happen fo often as in other infects, becaufe 
the rings of the Loufe are fhorter: they are 
alfo more curled and twined 4, in likenefs of a 
Serpent, and feem every where interrupted c. It 
may alfo be obferved, that where the afpera 
arteria, or wind-pipe, is divided into branches, 
there thefe rings are largeft d, but they are af- 
terwards infenfibly divided into fmallere. The 
other part of thefe veflels is membranaceous, 
and is fituated in the interftices of thofe rings ; 
and by its affiftance the rings may conveniently 
bend and turn themfelves, as is known to 
happen, particularly in thofe wonderful motions 
of the ftomach, which is furrounded by a 
great number of air-pipes. 
I have hitherto omitted examining whether 
thefe pulmonary, pipes within the body, likewife 
fhed a little fkin at the time the Loufe cafts 
its coat, as I have obferved to have happened 
in the Bombyx, or Silkworm, and in almoft all 
other infects. However, the {maller thefe pul- 
monary pipes are, the fewer rings they have, 
until at length they appear like more mem- 
branaceous threads. 
I may venture to affirm, that the pulmonary 
pipes cannot be more conveniently viewed in 
any fpecies of animals that I have hitherto 
_ known, without diffeCtion; fo that we cannot 
contemplate their fituation and courfe, with 
greater admiration, in any animal than in the 
Loufe. But I have by me a very curious and fa- 
miliar apparatus, by the affiftance of which, I 
NA A Ree 1Gr3 
can at any time demonftrate it with the greateft 
certainty. 
ab. 1) dig.21v. “The orificessof the XLV, 
pulmonary pipes are feen in the outward 
flkin of the Loufe; one (2) of which is on 
either fide of the breaft; and on each fide, on 
the extremities of the abdomen are placed fix, 2, 
4, 3, 5, 6,7, which I exhibit in the figure in one 
fide only. I have alfo thought I fometimes faw 
one pair of air orifices between the fecond and 
third pair of legs; however, I will not be po- 
fitive in this matter. 
Tab. 1. fig. vitts Thefe orifices. are the 
re{piratory points, one of which is fituated on 
one fide, between the firft and fecond pair of 
legs, and fix on the extremity of the belly, 1, 
2, 3, &c. thefe points {well a little there, like 
a {mall nipple aa, and in their circumference, 
feem to have a flight rim or border, which 
appears fomewhat ruddy and tranfparent as the 
place itfelf wherein they are fixed is alfo of 
a light red and bright colour; they are a little 
bent towards the infide, and immediately after 
the tegument of the extremity of the abdomen 
{wells out. All the points are like that which 
I have obferved to be placed in the breaft. 4. 
Tab. I. fig. rv. From every refpiratory 
point there iffues a branch of the trachea hdd, 
which foon after forms a vifible anaftomafis or 
inofculation with fome branch of the trachea, 
that proceeds from another point, and both 
clofe into one canal: the fame holds alfo in all 
the XIV apertures of the lungs; fo that the air, 
which is drawn into the body by one refpira~ 
tory point, may be fpread through the whole. 
Nor is it there only that the pulmonary pipes 
unite, but this holds equally in thofe which are 
in the back, belly, and breaft; which laft is 
diftinguifhed by three manifeft ramifications 
that are joined together underneath. This mat- 
ter hath been already elegantly delineated by 
dotor Hooke, in his incomparable Microgra- 
phy; however, he could have no knowledge 
of thefe ramifications by any other means, but 
that they appear vifible through the body. 
I am further inftructed by the diffection, 
that the pulmonary pipes may be difcovered 
not only in the head, breaft and abdomen, but 
they reach alfo to the inteftines, the ovary, {pi- 
nal marrow, brain, and, in fine, to all the in- 
ternal parts of the body of this animal; all 
which, asI have diftin@tly feen, fo I can de- _ 
monftrate them to others, with the affiftance 
of certain experiments which God enabled me 
to invent in the ftudy of anatomy, that the mi- 
racles of his works might be known: for we 
have not even the leaft thing from ourfelves, 
for it is God that giveth us ingenuity. 
Thefe things being well underftood, I might 
proceed to defcribe the other parts; as firft, 
the ovary, which appears next after the for- 
mer, being a part placed upon the ftomach it- 
felf: but fince method requires us to treat, be~ 
fore thefe, of thofe parts which affift digeftion, 
and tend to the nourifhment and prefervation of 
the body, and afterwards of thofe which ferve for 
generation. 
