34 
infects, Nay, it is probable that it has three 
coats, and that the third is mufcular, 
The outward coat of the ftomach is fur- 
nifhed with fo greata number of pulmonary /// 
pipes as can hardly be expreffed in words. ‘The 
larger branches are verycon{picuousin it, but the 
{malleft cannot be difcovered, except by the af- 
fiftance of thebeft thicrofcopes. On the contrary, 
the inward coat is very thin; the third, which, 
I fuppofe to be fituated between the two for- 
mer, comprehends without doubt, the mufcular 
fibres of the ftomach, by the help of which 
it performs its wonderful motions. The coats 
of the ftomach, efpecially the outmoft, appear 
to confift of very many globular little grains, 
which are very irregular in form; but whether 
thefe little grains properly belong to the texture 
of the ftomach, or whether they are rather 
particles of fat, which cover the ftomach, 
whereby the pulmonary pipes are gently moved, 
T could not well difcern ; only this I know, that 
the greateft part of them, when often touched, 
retire from the ftomach. 
Underneath, in the abdomen, ona little rifing 
or prominence, nearly inthe middle of the fto- 
mach, there is feen a certain little part #, which 
doctor Hooke apprehends may be the. liver ; 
but I fhould rather take it to be the pancreas, 
or {weet-bread, though there want fufficient 
arguments to prove it. Its colour is not pro- 
perly whitith, but fomewhat inclining to yel- 
low; and it is fo ftrongly connected with the 
ftomach, that it cannot be eafily feparated from 
it. If this be laid before the microfcope, it 
may eafily be divided into many little grains 
like glands, but thefe are not very tranfparent. 
When it is accurately viewed by the microf- 
cope, the pulmonary pipes alfo appear in it. 
The fubftance of this, little part is more firm 
than that of the reft, for when it is extracted 
from the body and dried, it is but little dimi- 
nifhed. It is of a very irregular figure, and is 
formed divers ways in almoft every Loufe, be- 
ing fometimes greater and fometimes lefs; but 
it is always finifhed in the {ame general manner, 
by reafon of its bendings and fituation over the 
ftomach, as is evident from the five different 
figures of thefe little parts, which I have deli- 
neated to the life from the microfcope, in fig, v. 
15 25° 3544 "Gs OF aba. 
At the lower region of the ftomach is feen 
the pylorus, fig. 111. 2. and immediately from 
this, the inteftinum tenue or {mall gut 00, which 
is extended on each fide, and formed like the 
ftomach: this is alfo provided with a great 
many pulmonary pipes. At the end of this 
{mall gut, which is for the greateft part bent 
in a ferpentine manner, or like the letter $, are 
difcovered four {mall veflels fpf, which the 
fagacious and excellent anatomift Marcellus 
Malpighius, has called the {wollen veffels in 
Silk-Worms; but thefe are ftraighter and lefs 
infle@ed in the Loufe; they are confiderably 
long, and of the fame texture with the inte- 
ftines. Thefe four little veffels are properly 
four inteftina ceca, or blind guts, which I have 
The BOOK of NATURE; ot, 
found in all infects; wherefore, by inference; 
I call them here by this name, though I never 
have had the fortune to fee their extremities. 
They open into the inteftine, from whence 
they arife at the place juft mentioned. After 
thefe appears the little inteftine colon g, and at 
the end of that, there is a manifeft dilatation 
or extenfion7r, which is the cloaca, or place 
where the excrements atquire their figure ; for 
they are very irregular, and not like thofe of 
other infects, which are ufually formed in a fin- 
gular and regular manner; Within this dila- 
tation appears the inteftinum reCtum s, which 
fhews its aperture, as the anus fituated upon 
the belly between the divifion of the tail /; 
and juft under this the skin is very briftly. 
As to the motion of the ftomach, it is truly 
admirable; infomuch that one might fuppofe it 
an animal within an animal, by reafon of the 
{trong agitations, contractions, dilatations, corru- 
gations and expanfions, all which belong to it, 
and {trike one with amazement, the whole being 
plainly feen through the body. Thefe appear 
plainly at the time when the ftomach is full of 
.food, but theyare beft of all feen, when the blood 
paffes into it at the time of fucking; for then 
it is fometimes obferved, that the remainder of 
the old aliment is mixed with the new, and 
is fhaken and agitated up and down, and on 
every fide, in the ftomach. This may be feen 
the more diftin€lly, as the colour of the contents 
is more dark. 
Hence one may eafily conceive what ftrange 
changes and emotions the pulmonary pipes on 
the ftomach undergo at that time, and after 
what various ways the air contained in them 
is preffed, moved, propelled, and fo purified ; 
changed from its firft nature, and rarified within 
the creature. But who can difcover, by the 
moft diligent refearches, the ufe of the air in | 
that place? furely no one. Yet very wonder- 
ful motions are obferved on this occafion, par- 
ticularly in that little part which I called the 
pancreas or fweet-bread ; for this being con- 
nected with the ftomach, muft obey all its 
motions. That any perfon may form to him- 
felf an idea of the motion of the ftomach, I 
have drawn three figures of it. When con- 
tracted, it is fen as at number’, fig. vi. 
Number 2 fhews how its contractions are 
changed, and after what manner it dilates, is 
apparent from number 1. ‘Thefe motions are 
continually repeated by turns, and undergo an 
infinite number of variations. 
As to the method whereby the Loufe fucks 
the blood, and conveys that nourifhment into 
the ftomach, it is performed thus, by the af- 
fiftance of the probofcis, and its aculeus or 
point. Firft, if the Loufe has abftained from 
food two or three days, it becomes very hun- 
ery, which is difcoverable from the empty {to- 
mach, and becaufe the creature is then wholly 
tranfparent; in this cafe, immediately as foon 
as he is placed on the hand, he feeks for food, 
which he will the fooner and more readily find, 
if the hand be firft rubbed until it grows red. 
Then 
