56 
or Bugs, fo that they feem likewife to belong 
to that genus. I could never hitherto obferve 
thefe little creatures to change: but they are 
found on various plants, and there become often. 
unmoveable. Laftly, I preferve a very flender 
kind of Fly, which firft ifues from a Worm 
which was in the body of that creature, tran{- 
formed into a Nymph of the third clafs. But 
if this Fly creeps out of the body of this infec, 
after preparing a paffage for itfelf through a 
fmall hole which it makes with its teeth, then 
all the body is hollow, and the dead infec re- 
mains inthe fame fituation as if it were ftill 
living *. Thefe little creatures, hitherto not 
accurately enough examined, are improperly 
called the Lice of plants. Ihave fome of them, 
and alfo the flies that come from them. 
We likewife place in this order the water 
Tipula, of which I preferve many {pecies, and 
one of the Nymph. | Thefe infects are worthy 
of the greateft attention, on account of the 
wonderful lightnefs wherewith they run on the 
furface of the water. They have an aculeus 
or fting, like Bugs, in their mouth. I preferve 
befides another fpecies of this infect, which is 
of a wonderful delicacy, and of a very fingular 
ftructure, and very flow-paced. 
In like manner we. infert in this clafs the 
water Scorpion, which has alfo an aculeus or 
fting in its mouth. I preferve two {pecics of 
it, the larger whereof is defcribed by Aldro- 
vandus under the name of the water Tipula, 
and the lefs by Mouffet retaining the name 
of the water Scorpion. Ihave a Nymph of the 
fmaller {pecies, in which may be feen how 
the wings bud or difclofe themfelves by de- 
grees, as is the cafe in the Nymphs of the 
Dragon-Fly in this fame clafs. ge 
The common water Flies are likewife of 
this order. Of thofe I preferve four {pecies, and 
we have often fpoken of the Nymphs and 
Worms out of which they iffue when {mall, 
Thefe, like other water infects, likewife have 
their {ting in their mouth, and they . defend 
themfelves therewith, whenever they are at- 
tacked or taken. Thefe Flies are called am- 
“phibious Bees by Aldrovandus, and are very 
. accurately defcribed by him. They are alfo 
called wild Bees by Johnfon: nor do I doubt 
but thefe are the fame with the Marine or Sea 
Bee, which has been defcribed by Dr. Pifo,.and 
isnow in the poffeffion of Vander Linden, doétor 
of phyfic ; but it appears to be nothing elfe but 
apiece of fponge. The learned Mouffet calls 
thefe Flies NotoneCte, becaufe they do not fwim 
on their belly, but on their back; and he feems 
to have likewife delineated the water Bug among 
the Notonectez, faying, that it is probable men 
learned the art of {wimming on their backs 
from them. How far this may be admitted, 
- let others determine. 
The BOOK of NATURE; or, 
As all the infects hitherto enumerated have 
wings, fome of them flying in the day-time 
and others at night, it is eafy to conceive that 
they may be very fpeedily generated in all 
flanding waters. And therefore in fummer- 
time a kind of trembling motion is frequently 
obferved to be excited even in the {mallet 
ditches of water by the motions of infects. But 
we {hall fpeak of thefe matters more at large 
in their proper places. 
Laftly, we likewife refer the day Fly, Ephe- 
mera, to this order : its eggs and ovary, which 
is like that of fifh, we preferve in our cabinet. 
We alfo have in our poffeffion the Worm and 
Nymph Vermicle, and alfo the Ephemera it- 
felf, both male and female. We can from thefe 
objects demonftrate how the wings are rolled 
and folded in the tubercles of the Nymph Ver~ 
micle, for there is an admirable difference be- 
tween the folds of thefe wings, and the com- 
plication of the wings of the Dragon Fly. We 
alfo obferve the like difference, with refpect to 
the difpofition of the wings in other infects, as 
‘will be {hewn from our particular obfervations, 
to the praife and glory of the moft admirable 
Creator. After this, we fhall in its place, from 
the courfe of our experiments, affign a reafon, 
why the wings in thefe infects are difpofed in 
fuch a particular manner, the knowledge of 
which will doubtlefs be acceptable to the 
reader. 
I preferve likewife the one day Flies, fixed in 
fuch a pofition, that it is very eafy to perceive 
the method whereby they caft a very thin skin 
like a fhirt from their whole body, which is 
wonderful to look upon, and difficult to be 
exprefied in words. At one end of this skin 
they roll or turn themfelves out, as the foot is 
taken out of the fhoe, and at the other end they 
turn it off in the fame manner as a man takes 
off his glove by turning the infide outwards. 
All this will become evident, when we. de- 
{cribe our particular obfervations on this ftu- 
pendous miracle of the Netherlands, and what 
we have remarked concerning the uncommon, 
very fwift, and as it were horary changes of 
this little creature; that they may afford perpe- 
tual matter of meditation on the incomprehen- 
fible wifdom of God, and regular order of na- 
ture. In the mean time, we think what Dr. 
Augerius Clutius hath not f{crupled to affirm, 
very improbable; and that is, that the Ephe- 
mera, or day Fly, is produced from a Chryfialis, 
and he has likewife exhibited the figure of this 
Chryfalis contrary to all truth. We. obferve 
that its figure is fubjoined or added alfo to the 
track of Goedaert ; but thefe are delineated upon 
the fuggeftions of a weak fancy. This will be 
-very evident, when the infects themfelves, 
which the learned Andrew Colvius fent us, are 
compared with thofe figures. 
* Since the time of this writer, Reaumur has with great judgment and knowledge written of many of thefe creatures. 
‘They ran about the branches of trees and fhrubs, while fmall, and when they have pafied part of their lives thus, they remain 
immoveable for the reft, and their bodies become only a kind of covering for numerous genus. ‘That author calls them gall 
infects, and progal infeéts, 
The Kermes and Cochineal are of the fame kinds, 
. I have 
