The 
notions with his, involved the true knowledge 
of thefe matters in greater darknefs. 
To this order are likewife to be referred 
fome very {mall and uncommon Flies of pe- 
culiar origin, fome of which are produced 
from the tubercles or warts of willows, Tab. 
XLIV. fig. v; others fpring from the ale or 
bofoms of the leaves of the willow tree, Tab. 
XLIV. fig. xv; others iffue from the rofe 
willows, Tab. XLIV. fig. xvi11; others from 
downy matter or flocks of the catkins, Tab. 
XLV. fig. vi11; others from the ftinging 
nettle, Tab. XLV. fig. v; others from the 
fpunge of the dog-rofe, eglantine, or {weet 
brier, Tab. XLV. fig. 11; others from the 
excrefcences of oak, Tab. XLV. fig. xix; 
and laftly, others are produced from a kind of 
Worms that walk with their fheath or cafe, 
Tab. web shies xx xin 1 and xxxivawl have 
defcribed all thefe little Flies in the fourth 
order, becaufe they perform their change in 
the manner peculiar to that diftinction. 
The Ant likewife belongs to this clafs, but 
as we {hall treat of this infect hereafter in 
our particular obfervations, it may fuffice to 
fay here, that I preferve both the winged male 
Ant, and the female, the body of which is 
fomewhat thicker; and the labouring Ant, 
which has no wings, nor does it feem to be 
either of the male or female fex. Itis worthy 
of obfervation, that this little creature is 
obliged to carry its young wherever they can 
have nourifhment at hand; whereas others, 
in general, carry the food to their young ; 
other infects, in a manner different from either 
of the two former, expofe their iffue, as if 
they were orphans, and oblige them at firft to 
find nourifhment for themfelves. The firft 
fpecies is indeed very induftrious ; the fecond 
gentle and good-natured ; but the third, un- 
merciful, and refembles a cruel {tepmother. 
However, the great Creator of them, who does 
not defpife the cries even of the Raven, Job. 
XXXIX. preferves them all. 
I moreover keep, a thing very wonderful, 
five hundred and forty-five Flies of one and 
the fame fpecies, which have been likewife 
produced from four Chryfallides of one fpecies 
of the diurnal Butterfly ; fo that the life and 
motion of thefe four creatures feems to have 
tranfmigrated into thofe of the five hundred 
and forty-five others. I can fhew alfo one 
hundred and eighty-feven little Flies, which 
burft out of only one Chryfalis that had been 
wounded. I have likewife one hundred and 
forty-five, feventy-feven, thirty-nine, and 
eighteen little Flies of different fizes, which 
have been changed into Nymphs, in the 
bowels of diurnal Butterflies, which belong to 
» fo many different {pecies ; but I thall treat of 
thefe more accurately in the fourth order. 
~The Tipula Terreftris, or Long-legs of the 
land, belongs alfo to this order, which Aldro- 
vandus defcribes under the name of the largeft 
Gnat, but Mouffet calls it Tipula. There are 
five fpecies of this in my mufeum, but Hoef- 
HISTORY 
Oh DANGShE aC hs, 124 
nagel delineates no lefs than fixteen. This 
infect is produced from a Vermicle or Worm 
which commonly lies under the grafs, and is 
called by the fifhermen, in our language, Im 
or Imme. I preferve two Nymphs thereof, 
wherein the parts of the infect are reprefented 
tho’ fomewhat obfcurely ; fothat they may be 
likewife referred to the Chyfallides: the differ- 
ence is not very confiderable. I likewife have 
a very obfcure delineation of one of thefe 
Nymphs by Goedaert. 
Next in this order follow the Beetles, 
whereof I preferve nine of the largeft kinds, 
twenty-one of the middling, thirty-feven of a 
fmaller, and one hundred and thirty-fix of the 
leaft kind. Among thefe there are twenty- 
five exoticks, brought from the Eaft and Wett 
Indies, Aigypt, Brafil, France, and other 
parts. Hoefnagel has likewife delineated 
thirty-five fpecies of the common Beetles, and 
feven more rare and uncommon. We find 
nineteen fpecies of the fmall Beetles defcribed 
in Goedaert, to which are added five of their 
Nymphs, indeed very beautifully delineated, 
I preferve likewife feven Nymphs of Beetles, 
and among thefe the Scarabeus Naficornis, or 
Rhinoceros Beetle. 
What deferves very particular notice in the 
Beetle, as Fabricius ab Aquapendento has juftly 
obferved, is, that the bones, which in larger 
creatures which have blood are placed in the 
infide, are fituated on the outfide in the Beetle. 
And, on the contrary, the fleth, which lies on 
the outfide in fanguiferous animals, is here 
hedged on the infide within the bones, or 
horny fubftance of thefe infects. Another 
thing which merits the greateft attention is, 
that in the very mufcles of thefe little creatures 
is difcovered the fame ftru€ture, that the great 
anatomift Nicholas Steno obferved in thofe of 
the larger animals. This is particularly re- 
markable in the ftructure of the mufcles of the 
Locuft’s legs, by the help of which that 
creature can leap up and down fo nimbly, 
that it raifes itfelf into the air two hundred 
times the height of its body. 
As nature fhews herfelf wonderful in the 
fimilar ftructure of the mufcles given to thefe 
two kinds of creatures, fo indeed does that 
great immenfe difference, which is between 
the bones of the larger or {fanguiferous animals, 
and the horn-like texture of the little bones in 
infects. Among thefe infec tribes, nothing is 
more various, or can be more worthy of no- 
tice, than that exceeding great, and at the 
fame time beautiful diverfity of ftructure, 
which is to be met with in the horns of the 
Beetle kind. Ireally think that according to 
this diverfity alone the diftin@ions of the Bee- 
tles into {pecies may be determined. 
I preferve feven {pecies of “the Scarabsei Na- 
ficornes, or nofe horned: Beetlés, among which 
there is one ; whereof the horn is bent like a 
bow, or arch-like, towards the back or fhoulders. 
I can fhew the curious this creature, together 
with the lice wherewith it is infefted. But I 
have 
