dhe. HIS TOR Yu of EN SE GIT 8. 
provided with either male or female organs, 
as I fhall demonftrate to be the cafe in the 
Bees ; fince it feems to be defigned by the 
moft wife Creator for labour only, and to 
carry, remove, preferve and nourith the young 
of the others. 
Ener 
To make this hiftory of the Ant as complete 
as in my power, I have here likewife delineated 
the malé Ant in its natural fize, 
Pel Gale 
I delineate the fame magnified in this figure, 
both becaufe the limbs of this creature may be 
the more conveniently defcribed, and that the 
differences as well as agreements between one 
Ant and another may be the clearer or more 
evidently explained. 
It appears then that the teeth a and antenne 
or horns cc, are in this, in every refpect, like 
thofe of the working Ant; only that the teeth 
in the males are fomewhat lefs than in the 
working kind: and this is likewife obferved in 
the female Ant. Something like this is alfo 
feen in the teeth of male Bees. The eyes in 
the male Ant are much larger 44, and furpafs 
thofe of the working and female Ant; and 
this holds likewife in the males of Bees, Ephe- 
meri, and other infeéts. 
Befides thefe, three points or dots like mo- 
ther of pearl are in this feen in the head; 
which I have likewife obferved in Bees and 
Flies. They are indeed remarkable eyes of a 
diftinét kind from the others, and make a pe- 
culiar difference between this male and the 
working Ant: but there is ftill a greater dif- 
ference in refpe& to the breaft, for befides 
that it is in this difpofed and painted in a quite 
different manner, there are alfo four wings dd 
very con{picuous on it, whereof the two firft 
are nearly twice as large and ftrong as the two 
hinder ones. The ftructure of the loins ¢e and 
belly fis likewife very different from that of 
the working Ants: and the whole body of the 
male is larger, and of a darker colour; as is 
likewife the cafe in the males of Bees. 
Thefe males of the Ants, which differ in 
re{pect to their Nymphs from the two other 
kinds, the latter having their wings regularly 
difpofed and folded, are not to be found at all 
times of the year among the fwarms: hence 
it is probable that the working Ants kill them, 
when the bufinefs of generation is performed. 
- The Bees we know act in this manner by their 
males, which are called drones. And this is 
probably the reafon why the males are fo fre- 
quently ill treated by the working Ants, as I 
have often feen, 
Thefe males of the Ants regard nothing but 
generation, and therefore are admitted into 
that republic only for this fingle purpofe, to 
propagate their fpecies. The fame thing exact- 
ly happens among Bees, with whom the Ants 
12g 
have indeed many things in common; there 
is no {uperiority or pre-eminence among either 
Bees or Ants; love and unanimity, more pow- 
erful than punifhment or death itfelf, prefide 
there, and all live together in the fame man- 
ner as the primitive chriftians anciently did, 
who were connected by fraternal love, and had 
all things in common. 
Doge pae a 
I here exhibit the female Ant in its natu« 
ral fize. 
Pa@y.xt: 
The female Ant is here again reprefented 
magnified. She is naturally not only longer 
than the working Ants and males, but alfo 
much more bulky and corpulent : it is eafy to 
difcover by difleGtion very fmall, white, oval 
egesin her. She has likewife teeth a, eyes bb, 
and horns cc like the former; and in the hin- 
der part of the head towards the neck, the is 
furnifhed alfo with three {mall eyes, like mo- 
ther of pearl; fo that in this refpect, the fe- 
male remarkably differs from the working 
Ant, and is partaker of the privileges and be- 
nefis of the male. The female Ant is like- 
wile diftinguifhed from the two former kinds, 
in refpect to the ftructure and form of the 
thorax d; this part in her being fomewhat 
browner than that of the working Ant, and 
fomewhat redder than that of the male. There 
is fcarce any difference in the legs ee, or in 
the feet f{ nor about the belly g, only that 
this is larger becaufe of the eggs that are to be 
lodged therein: all this is evident in the 
figures. Whether all the fpecies of Ants are 
fo conftituted as to have in each community 
a great many working ones, fome males and 
fome females, I cannot of a certainty affirm. 
I am however pofitive, from my own obferva- 
tions, that this is the cafe in the moft com- 
mon {pecies of Ants, which are found in the 
fields and vineyards in Holland and about 
Amfterdam ; for I have there frequently taken 
them out of the ground, and from among the 
roots of the grafs, and brought them to my 
chamber and kept them alive by proper food 
to complete my obfervations. 
To do this I ufed the following method : 
I provided a large deep earthen veffel, and 
about fix inches from the brim or verge of it, 
I put a bank or artificial rim of wax, and then 
on the outfide of the circumference of this I 
poured water, in order to prevent the Ants con- 
fined in this enclofure from getting out. Lafter- 
wards filled the cavity of this dith with earth, 
and therein placed my little republic of Ants. It 
happened that in a few days the Ants laid their 
eggs in this veflel: from which were produced 
thofe Vermicles or Worms, erroneoufly called 
by the vulgar, eggs, which I have before de- 
{cribed. It cannot indeed be expreffed in words, 
with what induftry and folicitude thefe working 
ja Ants 
