The da HSUDTOARY jet ASG HB Galil Ss. 
éxterrial and internal parts, the difpofition and. 
manners, the ufe they make of their wings, 
and their food, and the length and fhortnefs 
of their lives, as alfo how far they are hurt- 
ful, and how far innocent, with other like re- 
fearches; thefe I fhall at prefent pafs un- 
touched, partly becaufe I have not yet fuffici- 
ently fearched into them, and partly that lam 
faticued beyond my ftrength, with invettigat- 
ing, delineating, and defcribing thofe amazing 
things. I muft have a long {pace of time to 
perfect all thefe inquiries; nor can any perfon 
execute fuch things perfectly, but he who 
can {pend his whole life upon them. 
Of thofe things, which are outwardly con- 
fpicuous in this Beetle, the points of refpira- 
tion deferve our greateft attention ; thefe I fhall 
» now defcribe and reprefent by a figure, as they 
are naturally difpofed on one fide of the per- 
fect infect ; for they have the fame fituation 
and ftruéture alfo as the other. They vary con- 
fiderably from thofe which are feen in the 
Worm, for here they are difpofed in a different 
order near each other, and are placed in a fome- 
what oblique and declining fituation ; by this 
means one of them occupies an higher place 
in the body than another ; they are likewife 
more oval, notround, and are much deeper, 
or more hollow than before, and appear.as it 
‘were like little trenches and furrows in the 
Beetle much more than in the Coffus: the 
cavities alfo of the canals which they, diftri- 
bute internally in the body, are much wider 
and more open than they are obferved in the 
Worm ; for as the Worms live in duft and 
under the earth, and creep up and down 
there, it was neceflary that their pulmonary 
tubes fhould have orifices more clofe and even, 
left the duft fhould flip into them. 
The firft of thefe points is placed inwardly, 
Tab. XXIX. fig. v1.2, in the cavity of the 
fecond ring of the body, or in the os pectoris, 
or breaft bone; nor is it vifible there till after 
that bony fubftance has been feparated from 
the body. The fecond is fomewhat further 
diftant from the firft, and being turned more 
toward the lower parts, is dire@ted thence 
obliquely towards the other. This point, which 
is con{picuous immediately under the wings, 
is placed on the fide of the fifth ring of the 
body. The third cagain is fituated fomewhat 
higher, along the courfe of the curvature of 
the abdomen, and this lying upon the fixth 
ring of the body, is not far diftant from the 
fecond, ‘The fourth dagain is placed fome- 
what lower and nearer the former, and is fitu- 
ated upon the feventh ring of the body. The 
fifth e {tands fomewhat lower and is placed on 
the eighth ring. “Thefe five points of refpi- 
ration, whereof the Beetle has as many on the 
other fide,-and which makes ten in all, are 
indeed the principal places through which it 
draws its breath ; for the other eight, which 
were vifible in the Coffus, are in this perfect 
{tate of the creature partly prefled together, 
and fome totally clofed up; becaufe the body 
147 
is become fo much fhorter than it was in the 
Worm. All thefe five points are covered in 
each fide of the body with the cafes or fheaths 
of the wings, except when the creature is fly- 
ing; for at that time the theaths of the wings 
are lifted up, and remain elevated without mo- 
tion ; hence thefe points are likewife at that 
time difcovered: and this feems continued that 
the Beetle might the more freely draw its 
breath on this occafion, fill its pneumatic 
bladders with air, and thus make itfelf lighter 
for flying, 
Moreover on the ninth ring of the body 
there is obferved a fixth point f, on the tenth, 
a feventh g; and on the eleventh, an eighth 4; 
all which are very confiderably contraéted and 
depreffed, and run along each fide of the 
body. But as the abdomen terminates by 
converging into a fort of a point, and the 
twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth rings are 
wonderfully contracted and diminithed in their 
diameter, hence the ninth point z of refpira- 
tion is totally obliterated in each fide of the 
body, as I have before with fufficieat clear- 
nefs defcribed and figured in the Nymph. But 
T now only reprefent the natural fituation of 
thefe points. : 
The eyes are alfo extremely remarkable in 
the perfect Beetle, and they differ very much 
from thofe in the Worm, as well in bignefs 
and number asin figure. Each fide of the 
head has one, which confifts of a congeries of 
many {maller globules or little eyes, forming 
by their union as it were one common net or 
reticulated body. 'Thisis properly made of the 
tunica cornea, for the eyes of all the infects 
that know, have the exterior tunica or coat 
conftruéted or formed of a horny or bony 
matter, and divided like a honey comb into 
hexagonal parts, all which are on the upper 
part fpherical or projected like little globes: 
But thefe globular divifions are not in this 
Beetle fo remarkably protuberant as in Flies . 
and Bees; they are much {moother, more des 
prefled, and {maller, and they have no hairs. 
Thefe horny divifions penetrate from the 
outmoft furface to the inmoft, and feem to be 
formed within by a kind of net of hexagonal 
pulmonary tubes running through each other. 
Within this net the uvea tunica, or a part ana-= 
lagous to it, is feen on the infide under the 
cornea. ‘This is of a blackith colour, and is 
regularly received into the inward cavity or 
hollows we have named inthe cornea, fo that 
by this means it is to be found only in the 
uppermoft furface, and not in the bottom of 
the eye. In the eyes of men and quadrupedes 
the uvea finks to the bottom, and is alfo pers 
forated in the anterior part; but neither of 
thefe is the cafe in the eye of the Beetle, and 
for this reafon no rays of light can be collected 
in this cafe inwardly in the eye; but they 
only pafs through the {pherical. divifions of 
the cornea, and are then immediately ftop- 
ped upon the uvea. I would not prefume to 
affirm that the rays are by any means col- 
lected 
