160 THe BOO oof 
more knotty; it isin fome places dilated, fig. yir. 
@a, and elfewhere is again contracted 44, as I 
have fhewn ina {mall part of it: but I have not 
had opportunity to fearch into it fully. I thall 
therefore now pafs to thofe parts peculiar to 
Naor URE: 
the male and thofe to the female ; fuch as the 
horn, the penis, tefticles, and feminal veflels 
in the male; and the Ovary, uterus, and vulva 
in the female ; and after thefe are explained 
I fhall conclude this hiftory, 
or, 
The parts peculiar to the male. 
HE horns of the male Rhinoceros Bee- 
tle is formed of a tolerably folid horny 
bone, which makes it fo firm, that one may 
bore or pierce even hard wood with it. It is 
crooked and bent backwards towards the bone 
of the thorax. It is of a black red colour, 
and fo fmooth and polithed on the furface that 
it fhines like a looking-glafs: and fo likewife 
do the covering of the thorax; and the cafes 
or fheaths of the wings, called alfo the outer 
wings: thefe are likewife parti-coloured, but 
approach more to red. The horn is orna- 
mented with feveral {mall holes impreffled 
thereon. It is firft membranaceous in the 
_ Nymph, and as it were full of a fluid ; it after- 
wards becomes more firm, and at length ac-~ 
quires the full hardnefs we havenamed. And 
though this horn is flexible at the time of the 
creature’s cafting its skin, yet in the {pace of 
two or three days after this change, it becomes 
fo wonderfully hard, that it is not only as firm 
as a cartilage, but even approaches to the na- 
ture of a bone. It is not, diftin@tly {peaking, 
fituated on the nofe of the creature, but on 
the head, and may therefore be moft properly 
called a production of the cranium or skull 
only, for it {prings out of the fubftance of the 
skull where it lies over the brain. The male 
only has fuch an horn by way of ornament. 
itis on the infide hollow, as that of an Ox ap- 
ears when feparated from the head, but its 
cavity is filled with no other matter than the 
dilated air-bladders ; which, together with a 
multitude of tubes that adhere to them, are 
enclofed in it, and infinuate themfelves even 
into its bony fubftance ; hence the horn be- 
comes much lighter, fo that it may be carried 
the eafier by the Beetle when it walks or 
flies. This infect is therefore properly an 
Unicorn, for he has only one horn. It will 
not be improper to mention here, that if a 
Stag be gelt while young, his horns will never 
grow. ‘This I have been informed by a curi- 
ous and creditable gentleman. Wherefore 
thefe animals become in this refpect like the 
female of this our Beetle, when their mafcu- 
line vigour is taken away. 
With regard to the penis of this Beetle we 
are firft to obferve the nervous and the horny 
or bony part, Tab. XXX. fig. vir. and ix. a; 
this laft is as it were the prepuce, or rather a 
kind of fheath for the penis: it is erected 
principally by its afliftance, and is again drawn 
back into. it when the occafion is over. On 
the foremoft fide of this-cafe are fituated two 
little horny bones refembling claws or hoofs 4, 
which, forming a chink or crevice in the mid- 
dle between them, are capable of being fepa< 
rated from each other by the help of proper 
mufcles, in order to make a way, or afford a 
pafiage for the penis when it is erected. The 
mutcles for this fervice are fituated in the bony 
fubftance of the beforementioned fheath, and 
are likewife articulated therewith. By the 
help of thefe two little bony claws the male in 
the time of coition fixes himfelf in the horny 
part of the female’s vulva, Behind this fheath 
is placed a nervous, foft, and very thick part 
of the penis ¢; wherein is placed fuch a horny 
little bone as I have obferved alfo in the root 
of the Bee’s penis. Next follows the body or 
root of the penis d, which is nothing more than 
aimall tube, but it has a confiderable nerve in 
the place where the vafa deferentia and femi- 
nal veficles meet. I have obferved this nerve 
alfo in the water Beetle, and very confpicuouily 
in Bées. The vafa deferentia ee are next 
feen on each fide, and they contain a very 
white f{permatic humour: they are indeed 
fomewhat flender where they are connected 
with the root of the penis; but they become 
again dilated towards the middle, and thence 
become more flender where the principal tef- 
ticular veffel is united with them on each 
fide. The tefticles which difcharge their 
{perm through thefe vafa deferentia, are of a 
very fingular ftructure in this Beetle. They 
confift on each fide of a fimple vas tefticulare, 
which is about two feet twoincheslong. On 
one fide I exhibit here entirely rolled out.and 
unfolded f; whereby it appears at the fame 
time, that the end of it is fomewhat thicker, 
and, like the clofe gut or inteftinum cecum, 
has no orifice, Tab. XXX. fig. viir. and ix. g. 
But on the other fide I exhibit this tefticle 4 
in its natural condition; fo that only the ex 
treme end of this vas tefticulare appears re+ 
moved from the mafsz. The vafa deferentia 
and vas tefticulare have in this creature innu- 
merable pipesand pulmonary veficles : and by 
the affiftance of thefe, the convolutions of the 
tefticular veffels are firmly kept tied together ; 
fo that they cannot be difengaged from each 
other, unlefs thefe pulmonary tubes are firft 
removed, which cannot be done without con- 
tinued labour and great patience. Between 
the vafa deferentia. are feen the feminal veffels 
kk, which contain a fpermatic matter of a 
duskier colour than that of the tefticles or 
dilated vafa deferentia. And this feminal matter 
is doubtlefs generated and fecreted in the veti- 
cles themfelves, as is likewife the cafe in the 
human fpecies and quadrupedes; in fome of 
which the veficles may be found cee 
wit 
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