the set INS) PvORR AY of yl ANS. E. Cxt S. 
either. This I have likewife exhibited in the 
figures of the male Bee. In refpect to the 
mufcles and nerves of the probofcis and 
jaws there is no difference. In the thorax each 
of the three kinds fhews the mufcles of the 
wings and legs, as alfo many pulmonary tubes 
and fome fat; fome of this is likewife found 
in the head. In the body is feen the continu- 
ation of the gullet, which defcends thither from 
the mouth through the thorax: we may like- 
wife perceive there the {tomach, the {mall and 
great guts, and fome valves ; we diftinguifh alfo 
fix peculiar glands, placed between the intef- 
tines, as I have defcribed in figures.in the com- 
mon Bee. ‘The lungs are alfo very particularly 
feen in the body, as are alfo their dilated blad- 
ders and branching pulmonary tubes; all which 
IT have likewife delineated in the common Bee. 
The heart, together with its dilations and the 
pulmonary tubes which run all over its furface, 
is in great part alfo placed in the abdomen, 
though it may in part likewife be feen in the 
breaft and neck, as I have delineated in the 
female. In fine, a great quantity of fat is alfo 
found there, and we perceive fome membranes 
and mufcular fibres fituated under the rings of 
the abdomen, and defigned for moving thofe 
parts; as alfo fome {mall pulmonary tubes 
which pafs through thofe parts: I have re- 
prefented all thefe in the female Bee, and they 
are common alfo to all the three kinds. 
The internal parts peculiar to each kind, are, 
firft, the genital organs of the male ; that is, 
the internal horny little bone belonging to thofe 
parts, the penis, the tefticles, the vafa deferen- 
tia, and their dilatations, the feminal veficles, 
a peculiar {mall part that is cut into five divi- 
fions a pear-fhaped little part, and two ap= 
pendages which terminate ina point. In the 
female are likewife feen the parts that ferve for 
generation; the ovary, the oviducts with their 
divifions, the eggs, the pulmonary tubes appro- 
ptiated to them, the two trunks of the womb, 
through which the eggs are conveyed, the neck 
of the womb, and the bag containing a glutinous 
matter. , 
The following parts are peculiar in the com- 
mon Bee; the fting and its poifonous bag, with 
its tubes iffuing as well out of the fore as hinder 
part thereof; the cafe of the fting, and alfo its 
fupports, cartilages and mufcles, none of which 
parts are found in the male. 
By this general and particular comparifon of 
the three kinds of Bees with each other, it is 
feen that the common working Bees approach 
nearer to the nature and difpofition of the 
females than of the males; fince the external 
and internal parts in general, as will be made 
plain hereafter, agree in both: excepting only 
that the common Bees have no ovary, and 
therefore, like women who have lived virgins 
till they are paft child-bearing, ferve only the 
purpofe of labour in the ceconomy of the 
whole body. Thefe are thus by nature ren- 
dered incapable of doing any other bufinefs 
but that of nourifhing and educating the young 
149 
offspring, building the little cells for the Worms 
of the females progeny, and providing food 
for themfelves and thefe their brethren, that 
they may have wherewithal to live in the win- 
ter feafon, and at all times in rainy and ftormy 
weather. ‘The female, on the contrary, and 
the males do nothing of all this; for the fe- 
male lives in the hive for no other purpofe, 
but to depofit, as occafion offers, her eggs in 
the cells: and it is the bufinefs of the males 
to impregnate thofe eggs before they are caft 
out, whilft they ftill le in the ovary of the 
female: this they do during one whole year, 
that is in the time between the two fwarms. 
For thefe reafons the common labouring 
Bees maintain the males and females with 
plenty of honey. But as foon as this feafon of 
generation is over, and the males having per- 
formed their duty, the labouring Bees kill 
them as being entirely ufelefs and unable to 
do any more good, though they might have 
lived longer. I could with indeed that I had 
an opportunity of inveftigating this matter 
more exactly, and trying whether or not I 
could keep a whole hive, containing only 
males and one female for an entire year. This 
is indeed much to be doubted, for experience 
fhews that many Bees die fpontaneoufly, and 
without any violence, about the time of this 
univerfal flaughter. Sometimes when the fe- 
male is unfruitful, or of a bad contftitution, or 
when there is too {mall a number of Bees, or 
there are two females in the hive, the Bee- 
keepers fay that the males are fometimes found 
to live till the winter is far advanced: but they 
never continue to the beginning of fpring; 
which, whether it is to be attributed to the 
natural fhortnefs of their life, or whether they 
are then deftroyed by the other Bees, is not 
hitherto {uffciently known. 
From one female, which is the only one of 
that fex in the whole hive, are produced all 
the three kinds of Bees, in nearly the following 
proportion, ten, twelve or fourteen females, 
fome thoufands of the labouring Bees, and 
laftly fome hundred males: more or fewer 
are occafionally found in the hives of each 
kind. ° I have defcribed another {pecies of in- 
fects in my general hiftory of the infect tribe - 
the males of which is winged, but the female 
has no wings ;, which is alfo a wonderful kind 
of wedlock. The omnipotent God has been 
pleafed to join feveral males to one female in 
this family of the Bees; whereas on the con- 
trary among domeftick fowls, and in many 
other inftances, one male is fufficient for a 
great many females. ‘This is likewife the cafe 
in many of the infect kind; that is; that one 
male fhould impregnate many fernales. This 
is obferved with refpect to the males of Silk- 
worms. But the female among the Bees is 
impregnated in a peculiar manner, merely by 
odoriferous effluvia. ma 
Six days after the time of fwarming, the 
young female Bee newly got out of her cell, 
XxX depofites 
