178 . 
ftomach. The ftomach alfo has towards its 
hinder parts fome mufcular circular fibres ¢, 
which ferve to move its contents. geeg Are 
four veffels, inteftina ceca, or clofed outs. 
bb Shew the infertion of the clofed guts or 
ceca below the pylorus f, 7 Exhibits the reft 
of the inteftines of the Worm, the craflum 
and reétum, or the ‘thick and ftraight gut, 
to the extreme end of which a {mall part of 
the {kin is likewife obferved to adhere. 
/ Reprefents the delicate coat of the ftomach, 
replete with coagulated contents of various 
kinds, which are defigned by the darker parts 
in the figure. Fig. v. a, are the pipes appointed 
for the matter of the web, or the bags where- 
in the fubflance of the future threads is pre- 
pared. 4 Shews the place where thefe points 
are joined one to another. ¢¢ Exhibit the 
divifions of thefe pipes. dddd Is the place 
where thofe pipes that contain the matter of 
the web are broken off, and beyond which 
I could not at this time profecute their courfe: 
what increafed the difficulty was, that other 
matters, which were likewife to be invefti- 
gated, took up all the time I then had. I like- 
wife find the fame difficulty of tracing thefe 
vefiels in the Worms of the Hornets ; which 
however might have been conquered much 
eafier in the latter; but it is as rare to get fo 
great a number of Hornets, asa fufficient num- 
ber of their Worms, 
- The firft figure reprefents the pulmonary 
tubes of the Worm, as may be feen on each 
fide, under Tab. XXIV. fig. 1. No. 1, 2, 3, 
&c. and the letters aaa; for twenty fuch 
tubes are feen in this creature. It likewife 
appears in this figure, in what manner the 
pulmonary tubes of the fame fide have a 
communication with each other é 4, by means 
of tubules carried from one orifice to the other; 
and have the tubes of each fide meeting each 
other from the oppofite fides of the body, and 
are alfo united together cc. Finally, the branches 
are feen there, which {pring from the middle 
trunks of thefe feveral tubes. The Worm is 
here exhibited and laid entirely open, and 
without its vifcera, fat, and membranes, all 
which I carefully wafhed off with a little 
water, by the help of a fine pencil. Though 
the orifices dd of the pipes are fituated under 
the skin, yet I have delineated them, as if 
they appeared or were prominent out of it; 
which particular, though it be contrary to 
nature, yet I have obferved in this place, that 
my defcription may be the more eafily under- 
ftood. The other two fpiral little parts, fig. 
1. and 111. e, f, exprefs the rings of the pul- 
monary tubes. One may very diftinétly and 
beautifully fee thefe, ifa hair of a man’s head 
be pafied through a {mall part of a pulmo- 
nary tube, and both extremities of the hair be 
afterwards glued or affixed with wax ; if that 
part of the tube be then feparated or taken 
away, with {mall tweezers, or ftretched out 
by needles, it will be feen diftin@ly how thefe 
The BOOK of NATURE; or, 
contorted or twifted rings are longer in one 
part e of the tube than in the other #7. Without 
this contrivance, thefe rings may be eafily dif- 
covered, by the help of a microfcope. 
But I thall proceed further. I muft obferve, 
that when the working Bees have maintained 
the Worms here defcribed, until they are ar- 
rived to their full bignefs, thefe Worms after- 
wards abftain from all food; and as they lay 
before in their little cells, contracted as it were 
into a globe or ball, fo, onthe contrary, they 
now ftand ereét, and thus fill the whole cell 
from top to bottom. Thefe Worms about this 
time, cover the infide of the cell, from the 
lower to the upper part, with threads; in which 
work, however, this difference deferves parti- 
cular notice, that is, that the web, which lines 
or furrounds the foundation and fides of the 
cell, is more membranaceous, but that which 
ison the extremity more thready. This differ~ 
ence arifes becaufe the Worms do not always 
{pin complete webs, but fometimes difcharge 
on the filaments, or thread already {pun, a great 
quantity of the gluey matter, which fhould 
have made the threads, and by this means daub 
or wafh it as with glue. ‘This I have likewife 
often feen in other infects; nay, I have had the 
good fortune to obferve it even in the Silk- 
worms, however rare or uncommon it may 
feem; for whenever any little knots occur in 
filk thread, thefe are owing to the difcharged 
matter which has flowed out too plentifully 
together. Nay, if the imperfect Silk-worm 
when expanded, be glued to paper, it does not 
appear thready, but alfo membranaceous ; this 
thread is nothing elfe but a foft extended fiik, 
afterwards hardened by force of the air. It is 
remarkable in the Silk-worms, that water alone 
has the power to diffolve their unfpun filky 
matter ; whereas, on the contrary, {pirit of 
wine, vinegar, and other fuch liquors will coa- 
gulate it immediately. In like manner as the 
Worms of Bees, and thofe of Hornets perfec 
their web from {pun threads, it is indeed very 
beautifully and wonderfully finifhed in the end. 
It is perfectly white and fine above, but it is all 
membranous and yellowifh below. In regard 
to their work, I obferve this further difference, 
that the Worms of the Hornets do not draw 
all their webs to the fame height, as the 
Worms of the Bees do ; and hence it happens 
that their cells differ very much among them- 
felves in refpect to height. Their webs alfo 
confift of ftronger threads, and are of a rounder 
figure, and ufually drawn higher than the Bee- 
webs, nor are they fealed up with wax, as is | 
common in Bees. The feventh figure fhews 
the web, prepared by the Bee-worms ; it is 
formed above into a fpherical figure, and has 
very confpicuous filaments, Tab. XXIV. fig. 
vii. ¢; but on the lower part a it is membra- 
naceous and much thicker ; and at length it 
becomes triangular, towards the balis of the 
cell, and exhibits a tranfparent Nymph 4 on 
the infide. 
After 
