180 The -IB°O.Ce Rs of 
Bee that is to be produced from thence, all 
fhewing itfelf under the skin. But the legs 
are bent together as if they were folded up, 
and are weak and very tender: the muf{cular 
fibres likewife are like glue, and they appear 
fluid like water, on account of their abundant 
moifture, fo that they can by no means move 
themfelves: fo great is the extenfion and in- 
flation which they undergo, fo that for this rea~ 
fon, incomprehenfible changes muft afterwards 
happen in them. Nor are thefe following 
changes peculiar to the mufcular parts alone ; 
they are obferved alfo in the nerves and in the 
{pinal marrow, for they are likewife fubject to 
very vifible extenfions, tranfmutations, contrac- 
tions, and even tranflocations. This is no 
where more manifeft than in the Perla, or 
Dragon-Fly, of Mouffet, and in the Ephemerus, 
when thefe little infects change their forms ; 
for in the Perla the {pinal marrow is extended 
fo much that it becomes twice as long as it was 
in the Worm ; and fomething fimilar is like- 
wife obferved in the optic nerves of the Snail. 
The legs in particular, and alfo the horns and 
trunk *, are then very confpicuous when the 
Worm of the Bee is diftended fo much; and 
by the fame means the whole figure of the in- 
cluded Bee becomes, by degrees, vifible through 
the skin, and all the divifions of the head, . 
breaft, and belly come in fight.. But at length, 
when the skin opens along the back, and the 
skull of the Worm feparates in three places, 
there the Worm affumes the form of a Nymph, 
that is, it after this change fhews out beauti- 
fully, and more perfectly formed, the limbs and 
parts that were before hidden: hence all the 
parts may be feen there more clearly and di- 
ftin@ly than in the Bee itfelf; fince that fea- 
ther-like down which is feen on Bees, is at this 
time in the Nymph. The ftructure of the 
trunk is likewife remarkable, and is moft ma- 
nifeft here in all its parts ; and therefore it can, 
on account of its fituation and immobility, be 
much more elegantly and clearly diftinguifhed, 
than when this little infect is become a perfect 
Bee, or hath been transformed into the flying 
ftate, by a real growth of the parts, not a fic- 
titious metamorphofis, according to the fanciful 
and vifionary opinions of authors who have 
written to this time. All the changes of in- 
feéts are no more than a flow accretion of the 
limbs and parts, and therefore are analogous 
not only to thofe of other animals, but alfo to 
thofe which we obferve in vegetables, as has 
been before fufficiently explained and demon- 
ftrated’ at large. 
The creature is in this ftate of the Nymph 
exceflively, nay, amazingly tender; for almoft 
all its limbs are extended and inflated with 
abundant humidity; the former skin is thrown 
off, the pulmonary tubes in the body have 
NS T.0 RES or, 
changed their integuments, and are again fwol- 
len with new air; nay, it is wonderful and ut- 
terly incomprehenfible, that the pulmonary 
tubes, whilft they are cafting their integuments, 
do not put off fimple membranes, but as it 
were entire veffels compofed of annuli or rings ; 
fo that by this means the internal pulmonary 
tubes which have feparated from the other, 
are thrown out of the body at the external ori- 
fices or points of refpiration, having the fame 
form with thofe which remain in the body, 
In the fame manner likewife the ftomach and 
gullet, and the inteftines through the whole 
body change their skin; which, however, is 
very difficult to obferve, unlefs one fhall im- 
mediately examine the exuvia or skin when it 
is juft caft off; or better, if we know how to 
take off the skin from fuch a Worm, at a fit 
time, by art. ‘The ftomach wonderfully fhews 
this in the Worms of Hornets, for thefe in 
like manner difcharge their contents or excre- 
ments, and together with them the whole in- 
ward coat of their ftomach, which is of a 
purple colour, fo that the little mafs ejected 
weighs fometimes more than three grains. 
From the number of fuch coats as are found 
compacted in the cells of the Hornets, and laid 
on one another at the bottom of the cell, it 
may be very certainly computed, how many 
times the Hornets have brought up their off- 
{pring from the Worm ftate in the fame cell. 
In the Worms of the Bee it is particularly 
remarkable, that when they are changed. into 
Nymphs, all their limbs and other parts, their 
legs, wings, horns, and probofcis or trank, and 
all the reft of the body have pulmonary tubes : 
thefe tubes are likewife filled with air at the 
time their limbs and other parts are fwelling, 
and by force of this air they likewife promote 
the due expanfion of the feveral parts: this is 
feen moft eminently, when the Nymph, by 
changing its laft skin, becomes a perfect Bee. 
In the Cameleon, which is the only fangui- 
ferous animal that has lungs, which agree in 
fome refpect with the lungs of infects, by rea- 
fon of their branching pipes, the propelled air 
is likewife of the fame ufe in expanding or 
diftending the parts. But it is only for the 
purpofe of extending the creature’s tongue that 
this happens in that creature, though there are, 
befide this mechanifm, fome mufcles that like- 
wife contribute to the thrufting out this tongue: 
it chiefly, however, depends on the air which 
is forced out of the lungs for that purpofe, into 
the double cavity of the tongue. I have like-~ 
wife obferved the organs of hearing, and the 
fpleen in the Cameleon, however boldly fome 
very induftrious gentlemen in France, who have 
publifhed the anatomy of the Cameleon, may 
affert that it wants thefe parts. ‘Thefe authors 
have likewife committed great errors in regard 
* Since this author wrote, the French naturalifts have made many nice inquiries into the ftruGure of this infect. They in 
general confirm the doétrines he has eftablifhed, but in fome points they have improved on them. They have diicovered that 
befides the trunk, the Bee has a real mouth. ‘This is fituated in the fore part of the head, and may indeed be feen without 
great difficulty, By means of this the Bees are able to feed upon the farina of flowers, from which afterwards is made wax. 
‘This author thought they could not feed on it, becaufe it could not pafs their trunk ; but I have taken out of the flomach of a 
Bee the farina of a bean flower in its proper form. 
to 
