The BOOK «of 
becomes thrice, nay, four times larger than it 
was before. But this expanfion of the wings 
is not to be attributed folely to the air, but in 
a confiderable degree alfo to the blood; for at 
the time when the air is impelled into the 
wings, and a confiderable quantity of blood is 
likewife driven into the blood veffels of the 
wings. ‘This blood in the Bee is a limpid hu- 
mour or ichor, as may be obferved, if a little 
part be at this time cut off from the wings; 
for then this humour flows from it, appearing 
by reafon of the extreme fmallnefs of the blood 
veffels, under the form of little pellucid glo- 
bules, which, infenfibly and by degrees, in- 
creafe into confiderable little drops. _We mutt 
obferve here, that fome of the Nymphs of 
Flies, when they are cafting their skin, not 
only expand their complicated wings, but alfo 
diftend vaftly their whole body: hence it arifes 
that they appear twice as big as the exurva, 
wherein they were before enclofed. The ex- 
panfion of the wings in Butterflies is the moft 
elegant of all the phenomena of this kind that 
occur in nature; for in thefe creatures, the wing 
in the fpace of a quarter of an hour, though 
at firft not bigger than half the nail of one’s 
little finger, becomes as broad as a half crown, 
and at the fame time all its colours are aug- 
mented, extended, and regularly diffufed : and 
hence indeed, an admirable fight is produced, 
which would appear the more wonderful if 
one had but the leaft knowledge of the caufe 
of it. For we certainly can know nothing of 
the magnificence of nature’s fecrets, unlefs by 
the help of an infirm and weak reafoning we 
are able to pafs our judgment on the more evi- 
dent and palpable effects; but even this is 
fubject to many errors. When the wings are 
difplayed in the Butterfly, their air-pipes or 
pulmonary tubes are foft like warm wax, and 
the wings hang down that they may the more 
eafily be diftended with air and humours. 
Tab. XXV. fig. 1x. 2” Are the fcapule or 
fhoulder blades of the Bees Nymphs, which 
are fomewhat {harper a little lower. Under 
thefe are feen a pair of orifices, by which the 
air-pipes open into the breaft. The air which 
is expelled through’ thefe orifices affifts in pro- 
ducing the humming noife which the Bees 
make with their wings. 
oo Exhibits the laft pair of legs, which are 
likewife furnifhed with tranfparent air-pipes like 
little veins. ' 
p p Are the rings of the abdomen, in which 
feven apertures of air-pipes open on each fide. 
But I have not delineated thefe apertures in the 
prefent figure; fince Ido not yet know their 
true fituation, for they appear very obfcure, 
becaufe only one colour is feen here. How- 
ever, I have obferved in diffeCting the Nymph, 
that the mouths of thefé air-pipes terminate in 
the rings of the abdomen. I have feen alfo 
three fuch orifices in the breaft. I thall now 
mention fome other things in the anatomy of 
the Nymph, which are pertinent to this matter. 
184 
NATURE; or, 
q Exhibits the hinder or pofterior parts of 
the Nymph. The fting of the future Bee is 
feen there fomewhat protuberant out of the’ 
body, as are alfo thofe two little parts 7, which 
accompany the fting in the commen Bee and in 
the female. And laftly, the arms appear un- 
derneath s. 
If all thefe parts be afterwards removed 
out of their places, then the divifions of the 
head, breaft and abdomen appear very beauti- 
fully in the Nymph, but moft particularly thofe 
of the breaft: and thus we may at the fame 
time beautifully fee how the legs are jointed 
with the breaft, which cannot be diftinctly 
feen in the Bee ftate of this little infect, on 
account of the great quantity of down rifing 
there. If the creature be then inverted fo as 
to lie on its belly, the three great divifions of 
the body are manifeftly feen in it: and in the 
horny or bony parts of the thorax, which are 
{till membranous, and very tender numerous air- 
pipes are likewife obferved. 
The firft external change obfervable about 
the Nymph confifts in this, that its eyes infen- 
fibly become of various hues. Firft of all are 
diftinguifhed thofe three remarkable feparate 
eyes, which, when the infect lies on its back, are 
{een fixed between the femi-lunar curvatures of 
the larger eyes, as I fhall hereafter explain more 
at large. And at the fame time, the femi-lunar 
figure of the eyes is confpicuous by their va- 
riety of colours. Nor can any other remark- 
able change be obferved at that time. in the 
Nymph, befides this of colour, which occurs 
in the three feparate and in the femi-lunar little 
eyes. 
When the eyes by degrees have grown pur- 
plith, then fome fmall changes are likewife 
feen about the body and legs; that is the horny 
or bony parts of the fhoulder blades begin to 
acquire a yellowifh tinge, fomewhat inclining 
to a brown red: the horny or bony parts of the . 
wings, legs, and the reft, then afford alfo fome 
{mall figns of their transformation. 
Whilft the colour of the limbs and parts 
is changing in the manner I have mentioned 
under their accretion, the purple colour of the 
five eyes become more and more brown, and 
at the fame time we obferve, that the claws 
of the feet become alfo horny or bony, and of 
a brown red: and this change is alfo obferved 
about the teeth. 
In the mean time the eyes become, by little 
and little, more blackifh, nor is there yet any | 
divifion in the coat that invefts them on the 
outfide, though one may then eafily fee the 
divifions which appear through the coat. The 
horny or bony parts of the trunk now alfo be- 
gin to grow black, and the horns, which are 
fituated under the eyes, and the diftinct eyes 
above are more plainly feen. — 
The thorax alfo is about this time from 
a gray, manifeftly changed into a brown- 
ith coloir: and we alfo fee the whole 
body under the skin, diftinguifhed by fome 
: blackifh 
