202 ) The’ 'B-O/0 K tof 
parts; and therefore thefe various obfervations 
may be of ufe to us, until it pleafes God to 
throw more light on our knowledge of the 
fubje&t ; for in this way we may at length moft 
eafily know the Architect of nature, from whom 
we are the further removed, the further we 
proceed, if we only indulge our own vain 
reafonings. 
The order I have preferibed to myfelf re- 
quires that I fhould now exhibit the anatomy 
of the female Bee: I fay, the female, which, 
as it isa diftinét infect found in the hive, fo 
it is by a common error generally dignified with 
the glorious title of king, though by fome it is 
more properly called the Mother-Bee. I fhall 
endeavour to follow fuch a method in this hif- 
tory, that, as the female has many parts in 
common with the working Bee, I fhall only 
defcribe thofe which that kind has not, toge- 
ther with fome others, which I have obferved 
more clearly in the female. Among thefe I 
mention in the firft place, the heart. Tab. 
XIX. fig. 1. aa. This is a tube pretty ftrong 
and fibrous, it is oblong, and here and there 
dilated, it is extended in length from one end 
of the body to the other, and then turning 
about, it pafles through the narrow little part 
or horny tube, which, like a thin filament con- 
nects the breaft with the belly. In order’ to 
difcover the heart in the abdomen, as in that 
part it may be beft feen, it is neceflary to dif- 
fect or lay open the horny rings of the body 
with {ciflors or a knife, taking care at the fame 
time not to hurt any of the parts that are un- 
der thefe rings; for the outermoft part of the 
rings of the body is fo thin and tender, that not 
only the pulmonary tubes may be feen tranf- 
parent through them, but one may alfo diftin- 
guifh, though obfcurely, the motion of the 
heart under it. The pulmonary tubes in the 
female are not fo frequently divided or expand- 
ed into bladders as in the working Bees, which 
difference is fo ordered by nature, that the 
working Bees may fly the more conveniently 
and expeditioufly; whereas the female is under- 
ftood to fly but once a year, that is, when they 
fwarm. However, I cannot entirely agree with 
this tradition, but rather think the female goes 
out of the hive in fair weather, in order to 
breathe a purerair. It muft be obferved, with 
refpect to the diffeGtion of the body, that its 
rings are at their origination of a full redifh 
brown colour; but of a yellowifh red where 
they become membranaceous. In the midit of 
them are feen two or three blackith lines, and 
the extremities of the rings grow black again, 
and are very thin, and provided with a horny 
verge. This obtains only in the lower parts. 
If the upper part of the ring of the abdomen 
be broken and carefully raifed up, asI have be- 
fore advifed, the heart, Tab. XIX. fig. 1. a a, 
immediately comes in fight, and appears to be 
fituated in the uppermoft region of the abdo- 
men, and is furnifhed with many {mail and 
delicate air-pipes 64, which iffue from each 
fide, and are inferted in the fubflance of the 
NAT WR 8 3.4.68, 
heart. Thefe air-pipes or pulmonary tubes 
are fupported by fome tender and very delicate 
membranes c ¢ ¢ ¢c, which keep the fat that lines 
all dd about and underneath them in its place. 
Through thefe little membranes, and on each 
fide of them, in fome places, a fubjacent ovary 
eee is found to fhew itfelf. If the diffeCtion 
be made in the manner I have directed, about 
the fat of the little membranes that connect 
the extremities; there will be feén alfo fome 
mufcular fibres, broken off from the rings of 
the abdomen, which ferve to move the mufcles 
SSF FF Under the fections alfo, between the 
fat, fome mufcular fibres prefent themfelves, 
which feem to contribute very powerfully to 
dilate and conftringe the heart, and at fome 
times to pufh the air through the comprefled 
pulmonary pipes towards the heart. Even the 
membranous fibre which connects the fat, like- 
wife embraces the whole ovary underneath, 
which by this meanscomes in view ; when that 
membrane is carefully cut, the heart removed, 
and the great number of pulmonary tubes which 
are connected with the ovary and heart, and this 
membraneand the fat areremoved. The numbers 
"Paty: XIX. (fiero 130551; 23/135) 431-540 Os denote 
the rings of the abdomen, under which, as in 
the back, the heart is fituated. 
The greateft part of the ovary is lodged in 
the uppermoft region of the abdomen, and 
{tands as a partition between that part and the 
breaft, fo that the other vifcera, that is the 
ftomach, inteftines, vafa crocea, or yellow 
veffels, and others, are placed much lower in 
the body. 
The ovary is divided into two parts, fig. 111. a 
¢, inthe fame manner as it is inthe human 
fpecies, in quadrupeds, fifh, and many, other 
{pecies of infects, and even in frogs. Thefe 
parts of the ovary are more or lefs feparated 
from each other in thofe different animals, ‘but 
here they lie contiguous to one another ; one 
part indeed is placed in the right, another in the 
left fide of the abdomen ; befides, the ovary 
here is fo firmly connected by the pulmonary 
tubes that run through it, that it cannot with- 
out difficulty be feparated. 
The ovary appears to the eye as a membra- 
naceous little part, fo wonderfully delicate and — 
tender, that the containing membranes are 
fcarce any hindrance or impediment to the 
enclofed eggs being diftinélly feen through 
them. : 
- The ovary, as I have obferved, is divided 
into two parts, and each of them is again fub- 
divided into two fingle parts, which, for dif- 
tinction’s fake, may be called the oviducts, 
though they in reality conftitute the ovary it- 
felf, and give to the eggs which lie in their ca- 
vities both coats and fubftance, and whatever 
elfe belongs to their nature. This, however, is 
otherwife in birds and fome of the quadrupedes, 
In the larger animals, and in the human {pecies, 
there is obferved a confiderable difference as to 
this matter; for the human fpecies, as alfo 
quadrupeds, Cows, Sheep, Dogs, Cats, ge 
an 
