224 The BOOK of NATURE; or, 
matter diftin@ly, becaufe the upper parts of 
the brain are here united to the marrow. 
an, ‘Two nerves fent off from the thorax to 
the upper mufcles of the body, and together 
with the marrow enclofed in: that narrow fila- 
ment which connects the thorax with the 
body. 
0 0, Two ftrong nerves, which are for the 
moft part inferted in the root of the penis, and 
other organs of generation, as has been fhewn 
in the figure of thofe parts. 
Fig. vit. pp, &c. Part of the marrow repre- 
fented fomewhat magnified. 
gq, &c. The external medullary fubftance, 
refembling a divided nerve. 
v, Another portion of marrow, put between 
its proper medullary fubftance ; by the acceffion 
or addition of which the marrow is dilated into 
a little knot. This is by no means fo white as 
the medullary fubftance itfelf, but fomewhat 
gray, and approaching to flefh colour; therefore 
perhaps the marrow is by the intervention of 
fuch a different fubftance dilated and made more 
firm, in order to ftrengthen it for omitting its 
nerves. Uhis may be likewife feen fig. vi. under 
the letters ¢ c, where even the medullary fub- 
ftance itfelf becomes thicker: probably this di- 
latation ferves alfo for another purpofe ; for that 
dilating matter feems to me to be of the fame 
nature with the fubftance of the brain in this 
infect, and agrees with the cortical fubftance, 
and the tranfverfe fibres. I fhould in this place 
add a delineation of the pulmonary tubes, 
whereof thefe nerves have a confiderable num- 
ber, but that I am certain as adequate an idea 
may be had by the defcription of them, That 
fubftance which is lodged between the medul- 
lary matter, hath been before me fhewn by the 
juftly celebrated Malpighius, in his excellent 
treatife on the Silkworm, and he has alfo deli- 
neated the pulmonary tubes there. I had refolved 
to ftop in this place, but upon reconfidering my 
obfervations, | found fomething in them belong- 
ing to the hiftory of the Bees, which I fhall 
firft explain. I fhall in the firft place give a 
brief hiftory of the infect called the Bee-hive 
Wolf, or Lupus Alvearius: this is an infect, 
which, when it comes into the hives of Bees, 
ought to be confidered as their deftructive 
plague, becaufe it confumes and eats all their 
wax. ‘This, creature, properly enough called 
Lupus or Wolf by the Bee-keepers, is a Ver- 
micle like, as to form, to a {mall Caterpillar. 
Tab. XXVI. fig. 11. a, the body, computing 
the Jaft annular incifion of the tail, is divided 
into fourteen rings ; on each fide of the body 
aré nine points of refpiration ; the firft and laft 
of thefe, which indeed I think are peculiar 
to the infect, are as large again as thofe that 
are placed between them. The pulmonary 
tubes are white, and appear diftinétly through 
the body. The body itfelf is nearly {mooth, 
being fet only with a few fcattered, thin, and 
oblong hairs. When this creature contracts itfelf, 
feveral regalar whitifh folds or wrinkles are 
produced in itsskin. In the head are to be 
obferved, the eyes, the teeth, one lip, fome ar- 
ticulated briftly hairs, and a papilla or nipple 
that ferves for {pinning. The whole Worm is 
fleth coloured, except when the colour is fome- 
what changed by the contents of the inteftines 
feen through the skin. It moves itfelf in the 
fame manner as the reft of the Caterpillar kind, 
and runs backwards and forwards with equal 
celerity: for this ufe it has fixteen feet, that is, 
fix fore feet, eight middle, and two hind feet. 
The fore feet are furnithed with fharp claws, and - 
the middle and hinder feet thew a confiderable 
number of fmaller nails in the extreme circum- 
ference of their foles, ‘This Caterpillar is pro- 
duced from a fmall kind of an oblong egg, 
which is laid in the combs by a grayith Butter- 
fly 4 of the Moth kind. It is a very deftruétive 
Caterpillar that proceeds from this ege a, for it 
not only corrodes or gnaws the combs, becaufe 
it feeds on wax, which I think it has in com- 
mon with the Worms of the Humble Bee; but 
wherever it paffes, it likewife gnaws round holes 
through thefe waxen cells: by this means one 
Worm fometimes breaks open and deftroys 
fifty or fixty fuch cells. We muft particularly 
obferve, that this Worm, wherever it pene- 
trates, always fabricates or forms an hollow 
and tubulated web ¢ c, in which, as ‘in a rabbit 
burrow, it can very {wiftly pafs from one part 
to another, and very fpeedily run back again. 
If you attempt to catch this Worm at that 
time, you will fee it by the help of the chws, 
wherewith its hinder feet are armed, very 
firmly fix itfelf. Unlefs this creature be foon 
expelled, or be killed in the beginning by the 
Bees themfelves, and carried out of the hive, it 
fills the whole comb with fuch webs, and 
turns itfelf in them every way into various 
bendings and windings: fo that the Bees are 
not only perplexed and difturbed in their work, 
for they frequently intangle themfelves by the 
claws and hairs of their legs in thofe webs, 
and the whole hive is deftroyed. That I might 
be able to inveftigate more accurately the true 
nature of thefe little creatures, I have fometimes 
given them food for a time. When I have for 
that purpofe expofed a comb of wax in a 
drawer of my cabinet to the open air in my 
chamber, the whole comb has been in a very 
{hort time eaten up by numbers of fuch Worms. 
But I always firft obferved many of their But- 
terflies fluttering about my chamber. Nay, I 
faw fome of thefe Worms fo famithed, that 
they devoured the foft part of the bodies of 
fome dead Bees, which had ftill ftuck in the 
comb; nay, did not leave even their wings. 
They made very wonderful burrows, Tab. 
XXVI. fig. 1. ¢c¢, through the comb. Befides 
this particular Caterpillar, there is another 
fmaller, that likewife iffues d from a little 
fpecies of Butterflies, and does great mifchief 
to the combs corroding and eating away the . 
wax. ‘This Caterpillar is not only deftructive 
to the wax, but to the Bees themfelves, for it 
buries and kills many of them; but this hap- 
pens only by chance. I faw one of thefe little 
Worms, 
