520 The BOOK of 
of wild Bees *: the firft of them is that which 
_ builds its neft with fmall ftones, grains of 
fand, and clay; and in this refpe& fo much 
refembles the Humble Bees, that we may 
indeed reckon it of their number. There is 
another fpecies, Tab. XXVI. fig. tv. of a 
fingular ftructure: its head and thorax differ 
{carce at all from thofe of working Bees; but 
its belly is altogether different, for this part 
is thick fet with hairs of a yellowifh red, fo 
as to look as if it was fprinkled with fome 
liquor of that colour ; its laft ring is armed 
with three fharp prickles, and there. are two 
more points of the fame kind on the fecond 
of the rings forming the belly. Its legs are 
covered with yellowifh hairs, but that which 
grows under the horns, on the fore part of 
the head, and between the divifions of the 
breaft and belly, is almoft white; as to the 
length and bulk of the body, it nearly agrees 
with the female of the working Bees, except 
that it is fomewhat fhorter. The third fpe- 
cies, fig. v. is of a thicker and more com- 
pact body, and in fize and ftature nearly re- 
fembles the male of the working Bees, but it 
has fhorter wings; its head and eyes are form- 
ed in the fame manner with thofe of the 
working Bee; but under each antenna there 
is a yellow fpot, which may ferve as a mark 
to diftinguifh this fpecies; befides, the upper 
part of its trunk is coloured. The breaft and 
head are covered with gray hairs, and the ex- 
treme joints with pretty long hairs of the fame 
hue, but fomewhat darker. The fourth {pe- 
cies, fig. vi. is remarkable chiefly becaufe its 
antenne or horns are three times thicker and 
four times longer than thofe of the working 
Bees. Its trunk alfo exceeds that of the work- 
ing Bee in length and thicknefs. Moreover, 
all its back, or the upper part of the thorax, 
and fome parts of the belly, are adorned with 
bright red hairs inclining to yellow. This 
circumftance, with the extraordinary fize of 
the horns, is the beft diftinguifhing mark of 
this fpecies. It is alfo one third larger than 
the working Bee. The fifth fpecies, fig. v11. 
is on the other hand fomewhat lefs, and differs 
in its colour, and the hairs growing on its 
limbs, from all other Bees. The hairs of its 
breaft and legs are of a deep gold colour, and 
the two upper joints of its hinder legs, which 
are likewife the largeft, are quite covered with 
hairs of the fame kind and colour, but much 
longer ; whereas there is no hairs at all on 
the lower joints. ‘The extreme borders of 
the rings that conftitute the belly are alfo 
adorned with the fame kind of hairs, only 
that they are of a flefh colour, and much 
fhorter. The fixth fpecies, ‘Tab. XXV. fig. 
x. is fomewhat lefs than the working Bee; 
the hairs of its head and breaft are of a more 
NATUR E; ot 
dusky colour than thofe of the Bees before 
defcribed. On the other hand, its belly con- 
fitts of blackith rings of a fubftance between 
bone and horn, and ftreaked on each fide 
with little lines at fome diftance from each 
other. The coverings of the legs, which are 
of the fame fubftance with the rings of the 
belly, are yellow, and the legs themfelves are 
thicker than thofe of working Bees or Wafps, 
which makes me imagine that this little 
creature is provided by nature with no {mall 
degree of ftrength. All thefe fix fpecies of 
infects agree with the three other kinds men- 
tioned before, in this, that they have all fix 
legs, four wings, and two antennz or horns, 
and are divided into the head, thorax, and 
body. ‘There appear alfo in fome of the {pecies 
three {mall and feparate eyes, befides the two 
great ones. ‘The fix laft {pecies are very {el- 
dom found in {warms together; they generally 
ramble alone and by themfelves, which makes 
it probable that they do not dwell together 
like working Bees. They are feldom found 
in the fields, but often in flower gardens, 
where the flowers fupply them with honey. 
As to their gathering of wax, fome appear 
quite unfit for that task, on account of the 
great quantity of hairs that grow on their 
legs. 
I preferve alfo two kinds of Hornets, of 
different fizes, which I therefore diftinguifh 
by the names of the greater and leffer Hornet. 
They are eight times as large as the working 
Bee, and refemble it much lefs than they do 
the Wafp. 
aa; the outer pair are fixed to the fhoul- 
der-blades, of three times a greater extent 
than the inner ones. They have alfo fix 
legs joined. to the fore part of the breatt, 
and the extreme joints are armed with two 
fharp claws 66. The head c is fome- 
what oblong, efpecially when the teeth or 
jaws lie clofe together. The eyes are formed. 
like a crefcent, and above in the interval be- 
tween them there are three {eparate {mall eyes, 
under which there are two horns. The Hor- 
nets have likewife two very ftrong teeth or 
jaws, divided into a great many very fmall 
ones, and between the two principal teeth 
they carry a very fhort trunk. The body is 
joined to the breaft, which is pretty broad, 
by means of a very flender thread as it. were, 
and confifts of fix pretty ftout rings of a fub- 
ftance between bone and horn. Thefe are 
yellow at the edges, but red on the, upper 
part, and equally marked with dark brown 
furrows, from which on each fide run eight 
{pots formed as it were by the fprinkling of a 
brown liquid, but on the fecond and third 
ring, reckoning from the head, there appears 
a ninth fpot, fo as to form fomething like a 
* Befides the addition carelefs authors have made to the Bee kind, by ranking two winged Flies among the number, we have 
eleven diftinét {pecies in England. Mr. Ray, 
have been found. ‘They are very fmall, one is black entirely, 
and are found principally in the weft of England. They build in cracks of rocks, in walls, 
who was indefatigable in thefe refearches, counts nine; and fince this two others 
the other black and red on the body: they make regular combs, 
or in very dry banks of earth. 
triangle. 
They have four wings, fig. 1x. 
? 
