iN 
-ftrong. 
Thetis tT ORGS TNS TS 2 
pulation, the loweft abdominal rings of the 
female Butterfly. This action is particularly 
obfervable in the common white Butterflies ; 
for the female of this {pecies very often flies 
about with the male faftened to her, his claws 
or hooks in this part grafping her genital parts 
clofe to him, his head hanging down, and his 
wings quite motionleifs. 
‘parts of the penis appear between, and have 
their infertions in, the little horny parts already 
taken notice of. On the infide, near the two i 
little grappling claws, there appear fome other 
parts belonging to the penis; but I could not 
examine them with the due exactnefs. The 
penis confifts partly of a bony and partly of a 
nervous fubftance. ‘The former refembles, in 
figure, the little bone we find in the penis of 
Dogs; and has at its extremity an opening, 
thro’ which the foft and nervous portion of the 
penis is erected at the time of copulation. The 
root of the penis is likewife of a nervous fub- 
ftance, f, but more compact'than that portion 
with which:the erection is performed. Next 
we obferve the bafe of the penis, gg, contain- 
ing in one part a white fperm, and in another 
part, a thick fluid, divided into very minute 
granules ; which, on letting it out by wound- 
ing the penis, fhines like a white or filver fand, 
z. Ileave to others to inquire what this laft 
fubftance may be. The penis appears, in this 
part, very elegantly folded and curled up into 
two branches, 2, which afterwards form four 
others, whofe origins are all very firm and 
Tam not difpofed to affirm any thing 
as a certainty, concerning the nature of thefe 
laft portions. The two flendereft branches, 
which appear moft clofely twifted one with 
another //, look like feminal veficles ; for they 
contain a white fpermatick liquid, confifting of 
very minute grains, connected together ‘by a 
membrane. The two other branches may 
The anatomy of the 
A Few days after, I opened a female Butter- 
fly, refembling fo exadtly, in its internal 
appearance, the male before diffected, that at 
_. firftt T imagined I had again got a male under 
my hands, till the thicknefs of the body indi- 
cated the contrary; and foon after the difco- 
very of the oviducts confirmed me in my laft 
Opinion of the infe@’s fex. There were, as 
yet, no eges in thefe ducts, fo that they ap- 
peared very like the genitals of the male; and, 
indeed, it was fome time before I could be fure 
that they belonged to a female. Many of the 
_ infects, whofe date of life is of fome length, 
have no eggs in the beginning, or very imper- 
fect ones.’ I have indeed obferved, that al- 
~moft all ‘infects die very foon ‘after they have 
prepared their fperm; ‘unlefs when their {perm, 
though vifibly formed, has not acquired its full 
growth 5 or when_the infects are to furvive the 
winter, “in order to lay their eggs the enfuing 
fpring ; -as‘is the cafe of the Butterflies which 
#5: now deferibing. ~ Nordoes it appear pro- 
The mutcles of thefe | 
pafs for the vafa deferentia of the infect, # #7; 
and the nodule, or knot, 2, in which thofe 
branches terminate, for the tefticle; fo as to 
make it probable, that the Butterfly has only 
one tefticle. But thefe are only conjeétures:on 
a fubject, concerning which I dare not advance 
any thing as a certainty. 
This globular portion, which I call the in= 
fect’s tefticle, is of a pale gray, with a tinge of 
a purplith colour, and it is furrounded by two 
coats. The outer coat is very fine, and is united 
with a great many pulmonary tubes. The inner 
coat is much thicker, and yields, on diflection, 
a foft, clammy, and glutinous fubftance, no 
way fivid, Through this there run a great 
number of pulmonary tubes, of a bright filvety 
whitene(fs, variegated with fome purple ftreaks. 
Perhaps repeated diflections may enable. us to 
determine, whether or not this portion is to 
be really confidered as the Butterfly’s tefticle: 
Thefe parts are fo firmly conneéted on every 
fide, by means of the fat, and of the numerous 
pulmonary tubes, as to make it a very difficult _ 
tafk to difplaythem. The rectum, or ftraight 
gut, opens under thofe particles belonging to 
the penis, which confift of a fubftance between 
bone and horn, already taken hotice of. The 
pulmonary veficle, that is fituated forwards near 
the ftomach, appeared to me full of air. The 
' ftomach itfelf looks like a bunch of gtapes 5 
and clofe to it lie the ececa, or clofed guts. 
The {mall gut is confiderably Jonger than the 
ftomach, and ends in fome dilated parts. 
The preceding obfervations I made the fixth 
of September on a Butterfly, which appeared, 
for the firft time, as fuch that very day, and 
had been changed from a Caterpillar into an 
Aurelia the 17th of the preceding Augutt; fo 
that its change, from a Caterpillar to a Butter+ 
fly, took up nineteen days. : : 
ovary of this [petits 
bable to me, that either the eggs of infects, of 
the infects themfélves, in the Caterpillar or 
Aurelia-flate, can endure that rigorous feafon ; 
for which reafon the little creature, now perfect 
in the Butterfly-form, is doomed to the hard= 
fhips of this fevere trial... Hence it is, that at 
the approach of winter they take refuge in the 
hollows of trees, in ftore-houfes, and fummers « 
houfes in gardens, where their blood is cons 
denfed by the fucceeding colds, like olive-oil 
at-the fame feafon, and becomes, in a manner, 
quite caked; fo that they neither move nor eat 
till the returning warmth enlivens them. This 
I have often obferved. They even difcharge 
no excrements all the time. I have made many 
curious experiments upon Butterflies in this 
condition; but it would take up foo much room 
to give an account of them in this place. 
There are fix oviduéts, Tab. XXXVI. Fig, 
Itl.'a@aaaa, in the female Butterfly now un- 
der our infpection, and thefe all terminate in - 
one common paflage, 64; fo that, in this part, 
. the 
