SWEET-PEA TYPE. 39 
the head, and transferring it on to the stigmas of other flowers. 
Notice that the pods open by one suture only. 
(d.) Kowhai (Sophora tetraptera).—These trees, which are 
still common, in many parts of New Zealand, though rapidly 
disappearing before the improving (?) hand of man, present 
features somewhat different from the normal type. Young 
plants are shrubby and haye very flexuous branches, while the 
old ones form handsome trees. The leaves have sometimes as 
nany as forty pairs of leaflets. The calyx is inflated, and its 
teeth are not very distinct. The petals are quite free, and 
Vig, 47, Standard Fig. 48. Wing 
(vexillum) of (ala) of So- Fig. 49, Keel 
Sophora. phora. (carina) of 
Fig. 46. Flower Sophora. 
of Sophora. 
have nearly lost the papilionaceous character, while the 
stamens are quite free. he ovary is shortly stalked within 
the flower, but this feature becomes more marked in fruit. 
The pods are usually 3in. or 4in. long, tetrangular, and 
have their angles produced into 4 wings (hence the specific 
name); they are commonly indehiscent. ‘The seeds are very 
hard and solid, and the cotyledons are not readily separable. 
(c.) The structure of the exalbuminous 
seed of plants of this type is most con- 
veniently studied in the bean. Place some 
dry beans in water for twenty-four hours 
or more, and when about to examine them 
dry them carefully without pressure. Ob- 
serve the scar on one side by which each 
was attached to the funiculus; this is called 
the hilum.* If you now press the seed, 
you will observe at one end of the hilum 
that there is a small hole, the micropyle, | Hig. 50. Seed of 
through which the contained moisture ae 
; fan) as h, hilum ; m, mi '0- 
exudes. While the seed was still in the { pyle.) mae 
* Lat. hilwm, a little thing, a speck. 
+ Gr. mikros, small; pule, a gate. 
