TUTU—CORIARIA. 35 
hexamerous—.e., the parts of each whorl are 4 or 6 in number 
instead of 5.) Examine flowers just opening, and observe the 
5 or 10 pink or red papillose styles projecting from each, while 
the immature anthers lie hidden inside. In the course of a 
Big, 38. Flower of Coriariain Fig. 39. Flower of Coriaria 
first stage (mag.); 0, bract. ruscifolia in second stage. 
few days you will notice that the styles wither; at the same 
time the filaments elongate so that the anthers hang loosely 
out of the flower and discharge a considerable amount of dry 
dusty pollen. The flowers are manifestly anemophilous*— 
v.¢., fitted for wind-fertilisation—and are, besides, protected 
against the possibility of self-fertilisation by being protogy- 
noust—viz., having the pistils maturing before the stamens. 
The most remarkable thing about Tutu is the structure of 
its fruit. The carpels mature to achenes, each containing a 
pendulous seed with plano-convex cotyledons, while surround- 
ing these are the five persistent petals, which become quite 
fleshy and full of a sweet purple juice when ripe. We have 
numerous examples of plants in which the whole or a part of 
the pericarp becomes succulent as a means for the dispersion 
of the seeds by birds, &c., and we shall also come across cases 
of succulent calyx- or perianth-leaves: but the Tutu is the 
only New Zealand. plant in which the petals are modified to 
perform this function. | 
Notrt.—Many flowers are anemophilous, and the following 
features characterize them to a greater or less degree :— 
@. Small size, the flowers usually in prominent positions 
on the plant, and frequently produced before the 
_ leaves. 
6. Want of briglit, conspicuous colours. 
e. Neither scent nor nectar. 
d. Relatively large and projecting styles, which are usually 
-stigmatiferous all over. 
e. Dry and dusty pollen, usually produced in very large 
quantity, and in anthers which are so hung as to be 
easily shaken. 
“Gr, anemos, the wind ; philos, loved. 
} Gr. protos, first; and the gynewcium or pistil. 
