30 CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY. 
pound and bipinnate. Sunilarly, figs. 5-7 represent a series 
of leaves in each of which the petiole ends abruptly at 
the base of the leaf, while several ribs spring from the same 
point. Fig. 5 shows a simple entire leat, fig..6 is simple and 
palmatifid, while fig. 7 is a compound and digitate leaf. 
Besides those which have been already described in the 
two previous chapters, the following are some of the terms 
used in describing the forms of leaves :— 
Orbicular (or rotundate) when nearly circular in out- 
line, as in Pelargoniwm australe (Pl. IL., fig. 8). 
Elliptical (or oval) when about twice as long as broad, 
and hardly tapering at either end, as in Pomaderris elliptica 
GEE LE iy 
Oblong, much narrower than elliptical, but of the same 
general form, as in Callixene parviflora (Pl. II., fig. 10). 
Linear when of nearly uniform breadth throughout, and 
many times longer than broad, as in Panax lineare (Pl. II., 
fig. 11). 
i nee shaped like an egg, and with the broad end down- 
wards, as in Viola cunningham (PI. II., fig. 12). 
Obovate, like an egg with the broad end up, as in Hymen- 
anthera latifolia (Pl. I., fig. 13). | 
_The term spathulate is applied to a somewhat thick fleshy 
obovate leaf usually without a distinct petiole, asin Craspedia 
alnina (Pl. IIL, fig. 1). 
Cuneate,* or wedge-shaped, when tapering uniformly to 
the base, asin Drinys colorata, the Pepper-tree (Pl. III., fig. 2). 
(In the figure the leaf selected is nearly obovate, with only a 
cuneate base.) 
Cordate, like a heart, with the sinus at the base, as in 
Viola filicaulis (Pl. IIL., fig. 3). 
Obcordate, like a heart with the sinus at the apex, as in 
Myrtus obcordata (Pl. IIT., fig. 4). 
Reniform, or kidney-shaped, as in Tvrichomanes reii- 
forme, the kidney-fern (Pl. IIL, fig. 5). 
Lanceolate, when narrow and shaped like a lance-head, 
asin Melicytus lanceolatus (Pl. III., fig. 6). 
Oblanceolate, like an inverted lance-head, as in Dodonea 
viscosa (Pl. III., fig. 7). 
Sagittate,! shaped like an arrow-head, with the base pro- 
duced downwards into acute lateral lobes, as in Convolvulus 
seprwm, the Bindweed (PI. IIT., fig. 8). 
Hastate,* shaped like a spear-head, with the basal lobes 
directed outwards, as in Sheep’s Sorrel, Rumex acetosella 
(Pl. III., fig. 9). 
* Lat. cunews, a wedge. } Lat. sagitta, an arrow. 
{ Lat. hasta, a spear. 
