MALLOW. OF 
are twisted round one another (contorted”) in estivation, 
and are free and hypogynous, with their bases often slightly 
united. Note the very numerous stamens, with all their 
filaments joined into a tube, the base of which is usually 
joined to the petals. ‘This form of cohesion is called mona- 
delphous ;+ their adhesion is hypogynous. The anthers are 
free from one another, 
reniform in shape, and 
only 1-celled, the cells 
opening by a longitudinal 
Fig. 30. Stamen 
of Mallow, with 
Fig. 29. Longitudinal section of 1-celled anther 
flower of Mallow. (mag.). 
semicircular line. On splitting the staminal tube. carefully, 
you will observe the long style dividing at the top into as 
many stigmatic branches as there are carpels—viz., 7 to 10. 
The carpels are united to form a whorl round a central 
column or axis, consisting of a portion of the receptacle which 
is produced up between them, and is called a torus. Make 
a longitudinal section through a carpel, and note that it 
contains a single ovule attached to the lower and inner angle 
of the carpel. 
Next examine the fruit (or, at any rate, some of the most 
matured carpels you can find). It is enclosed in the per- 
sistent epi-calyx and calyx, and the individual carpels as they 
mature and become dry separate from one 
another and from the central axis, but do not 
open to let the seeds fall out. These—as in 
the case of achenes—are only liberated when 
the pericarp decays. All such fruits which 
thus split up into their original carpels, but 
are not truly dehiscent, are termed schizo- 
carps,} so we may call our mallow fruit a Fig. 31. Trans- 
7- or 8-partite schizocarp. Cut transverse and verse section 
vertical sections through the carpels; notice S Fite of 
the thick and rather spongy pericarp, the single aN Ae a 
cass 2e (mag.). 
seed with its more or less wrinkled testa con- 
* Lat. con, together ; tortws, twisted. 
+ Gr. monos, one; adelphos, a brother. 
t Gr. schizo, I cleave; karpos, a fruit. 
