PANSY, OR HEARTSEASE. 21 
sessile. Seen from the outside each stamen looks like a scale, 
but on the inner side you will observe the two anther-lobes, 
lying, as it were, under a hood. This 
scale or hood is the connective, or 
portion of tissue which connects the 
anther-lobes: in this case it is very 
greatly developed. Note that the two 
lower stamens have their connectives 
produced into thin spurs, which lie in 
the spur of the lower. petal: they pro- 
bably serve to secrete a little nectar, 
though in most pansies and violets 
you will not be able to detect this. 
In the interior of the flower stands 
the oblong or slightly triangular ovary. 
Springing with a sharp curve from its 
apex is a short style, bearing a rounded 8 
head, in the front of which is the Fig.16. Stamens of Pansy, 
stigma in the form of a round hole. Hoiiiana ee Be 
Make a transverse section of the of the spurred form 
ovary, when you will observe that it (mag). 
is 1-celled, with numerous ovules ar- 
ranged on three parietal placentee—i.c., in three rows on the 
walls. From this we gather that the pistil is synearpous, and 
formed of three united carpels. 
Fig. 18. Transverse 
section of ovary 
Fig. 17. Ovary of Pansy, of Pansy (mag:). Fig. 19. Capsule of 
from the side and in Violet after de- 
front (mag.). st = hiscence. 
stigma. 
Now see if you can get a fruit. You will find it consists 
of a dry brown capsule, dehiscing by three valves, the de- 
hiscence taking place midway between the placenta, so that 
each valve falls out carrying its row of seeds in the middle. 
Examine any other species of Violet (Viola)—wild or cultivated— 
obtainable, and notice the great general similarity of structure which 
prevails, together with considerable difference of detail in all the parts. 
The leaves, stipules, flowers, &c., should all be drawn, as well as de- 
scribed. Next compare the common native shrubs or trees which go 
under the popular name of Hinahina (Melicytus ramiflorus, M. lanceo- 
