PART. I.—STRUCTURAL. 15: 
by the agency of the wind. Make a longitudinal section of 
the ovary, and note the single seed pendulous from the apex 
of the cavity. You may also be able to distinguish the delicate: 
little stalk (or funiculus) by which it is attached. You will 
see that the seed has the same general structure as that of 
the buttercup—viz., a small embryo with a large store of 
endosperm, only in Clematis the embryo is at the apex and not: 
at the base of the achene. 
There are several other species of Clematis in this country besides 
C. indivisa, which differ from it in various small details. It will be ad- 
vantageous to compare these where possible. 
It will now be advisable to compare specimens of any or all of the 
following plants with those already described, noting particularly the 
points of agreement and difference. 
Anemone.—Any single garden variety will do. Three leaves or 
bracts under the flower acting as a calyx, petaloid sepals, no petals. 
except where the flowers have become double, when the outer stamens 
are more or less petaloid. 
- Adonis sp., commonly cultivated in gardens as Flos adonis.—Very 
near buttercup in structure. 
Love-in-a-mist or Devil-in-a-bush (Nigella sp.).—The popular names 
derived from the numerous much-divided bracts encircling the flowers. 
Carpels 5, joined together, with numerous ovules on the lines of union. 
Fruit a capsule dehiscing septicidally (see p. 56). 
Columbine (Aquilegia valgaris, &c.).—5 petaloid sepals, 5 petals pro- 
duced -backwards into spur-like nectaries, outer stamens reduced to 
scales, 5 joined carpels.- Fruit consisting of 5 follicles (see p. 54). 
Larkspur (Delphiniwm of various species).—5 unequal petaloid sepals, 
the posterior produced intoa long spur; (2 or) 4 small petals, the upper 
produced into a spur, which is contained in the spur of the calyx; 1 or 
more (up to 5) carpels, ripening to follicles. 
Still more diverse from any of these than these are from 
each other is the Pepper-tree (Drimys axillaris). Note the 
habit—that of a small erect tree, with simple, alternate, spotted 
leaves. The flowers are either in the axils of the leaves or on 
the scars of the old leaves; the sepals are united into a cup- 
like calyx, which shows 2 or 3 imperfect lobes; the petals are 
usually 6, arranged in two rows; the stamens are about 15 to. 
20 in number, with short thick club-like filaments and adnate 
anthers. In the centre of the flower are 2 or 3 short thick 
carpels, with small sessile stigmas; in transverse section they 
are 1-celled, with 2 or 3 ovules arranged along one side (the 
ventral suture). These ripen into berries. 
Compare Magnolia grandiflora with these. 
