FLORAL DIAGRAMS. vere 
are to be drawn (p): these are all separate, and each one over- 
laps its neighbour on one side, and is itself overlapped on the 
other. The ten stamens appear all in one whorl (an), all separate 
from one another and from the other whorls, and are therefore 
placed on the third circle. Note that 5 of them are alternate 
with and 5 opposite the petals. The ovary (ov), with its free- 
central placenta in the centre, will occupy the fourth circle. 
In the latter a little care in its examination will reveal the fact 
that the ovules are in two series on the placental column, 
which, indeed, opens into two in its upper part, and is con- 
tinuous with the two arms of the style. These latter may 
be represented as small lateral projections of the ovary (s, s), 
their relative position to the other parts being carefully marked, 
The flower of Dianthus is quite regular. It will therefore 
be advisable to see how the diagram of the Pansy or Violet 
flower, which is irregular, is to be con- . 
structed. Here, again, 4 circles are <u 
first to be traced. Of the 5 free im- 
bricate sepals, two are external, two \ 
more are each overlapped on one edge, liga ° 
while the fifth is internal, and is over- eae 4 : 
lapped on each edge ;* but the projec- y 
tion of one of the petals prevents this | 
being clearly made out. The 5 petals 
are also free and imbricate, but the 
lower or anterior one (i.e., the one 
furthest from the axis of the inflores- 
cence) has a spur produced backwards Fig. 147. Floral Diagram 
between the two lower sepals. The of Pansy. 
5 stamens have broadly-dilated con- 
nectives, which may be represented by curved dorsal lines, 
while also the appendages of the two lower can be shown 
projecting into the spur of the an- 
terior petal. The 1-celled ovary has 
three parietal placentee, whose posi- 
tion with regard to the axis of the 
flower must be accurately noted ; 
but the style, being simple, cannot 
be shown. 
As a somewhat different type, let 
us next take a Fuchsia. In this the 
4 sepals are united and valvate, and 
this feature can be represented by . 
drawing a continuous circle, the jig 149, Floral diagram 
thickened portions of which end in detaches 
* The sestivation of the calyx has not been quite correctly reproduced 
in the accompanying figure. 
