R9 CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY. 
their shrubby habit and opposite entire leaves. The flowers 
have a white corolla-like 4-lobed perianth, with 2 epiphyl- 
lous* stamens—i.e., inserted on the perianth-leaves. The 
1-celled ovary contains a single ovule, and has a lateral style. 
The fruit is a nut, but in some species the persistent perianth 
becomes succulent and berry-like. (Compare Gaultheria, p. 64.) 
In some species there appears to be a tendency to hetero- 
stylism in the flowers: look for this character. 
22. WinLow (Salix sp.). 
So many species of Willow are now to be found in the 
colony that it is not easy to select any one suitable for a type 
as. the commonest. Perhaps the most distinctive is the Sal- 
low, or Goat Willow (S. caprea). In this, as in some other 
species, the dicecious flowers come out before the leaves, and the 
g$ are very different-looking from the 9. All are arranged in 
dense spikes called catkins, each flower being in the axil of, 
ar RVR SASP 
\ Hie Vi 
NEGA 
~ RAY) 
Walberg 
Fig. 157. ¢ flower 
i of Goat Willow 
Fig. 156. ¢ catkin ef Goat Willow. (mag.). 
I 
i 
EH 
lh 
and nearly covered by, a silky membranous bract. The g 
catkins are about lin. long, and each flower consists of 2 
(seldom more) stamens placed under a small glandular disc 
which represents the perianth. The whole inflorescence drops 
| off after the pollen has been scattered. ‘The 
° catkins are considerably longer, and in- 
crease in length as the fruit matures. Hach 
flower consists of a single gland, as in the 
¢, and a 1-celled ovary, ending above in a 
very short style, with 2-lobed stigma, the 
whole placed on a short pedicel. In trans- 
verse section the ovary is seen to contain 
numerous ovules on two parietal placente. 
The ovary ripens into a capsule which de- 
hisces loculicidally, the 2 valves rolling 
‘Fig. 158. ¢ flower backwards. The minute seeds are fur- 
of Goat Willow nished with and enveloped by a tuft of 
(mag.). hairs springing from the short thick 
pare 2S ah eae 
* Gr. epi, upon; phyllon, a leaf. 
