SYNOPSIS OF NATURAL ORDERS, 185 
licidal capsule; secds with a tuft of silky hairs, exal- 
a sae (Poplar) and Salix (Willow); several introduced 
species of each.) | ; 
74. CuruLirerai.—t'rees, with alternate stipulate leaves. 
Flowers moncecious: ¢ consisting of 8-12 stamens in a 
5-6-lobed involucre; ? of 2 or 4 3-celled oyaries in a 4-lobed 
involucre. Ovules 1 in each cell. Fruit of winged nuts; 
seeds exalbuminous. (Fagus (Beech or Birch trees), 4 sp.) _ 
75. PrrppRAcEa. — Herbs or shrubs, often aromatic. 
Flowers very minute, crowded on a scaly spadix. Stamens 2, 
Ovary 1-celled; stigma entire or 2-5-lobed ; ovule 1, erect, 
Fruit a berry; seed albuminous, with a minute embryo at its 
upper end. (Piper, 1 sp. ; Peperomia, 1 sp.) 
76. CHLORANTHACEA.—Glabrous shrub. Flowers in brac- 
teate spikes, dicecious: g¢ of 1 stamen > of a sessile 1-celled 
ovary with 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit a drupe; seed with 
minute embryo in fleshy endosperm. (dscarina, 1 sp.) 
77. BanANopHorEs,— A leafiess root-parasite. Flowers 
minute, dicecious, on crowded spadices: ¢ of a solitary sessile 
9-celled anther; ¢ of a 1-celled ovary, with adnate 2-3-lobed 
perianth, enclosing 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit? (Dactylan- 
thus, 1 sp.) 
(Though not belonging to this group of flowering plants, the follow- 
ing orcer is introduced here, as most systematists place it for convenience 
at the end of the Dicotyledons.) 
ConiFERa#.—Shrubs or trees. Flowers monoscious or dice- 
cious: ¢ inflorescence consisting of catkins; anther-cells 2, 
4, or 8-16, attached toa scale; ? of one or more naked ovules, 
without ovary, style, or stigma, attached to scales which are 
collected into woody cones or catkins, or are nearly solitary. 
Needs nut- or drupe-like, with straight embryo in fleshy 
endosperm ; cotyledons 2 or more. (Dammara (Kauri}, 1 sp. ; 
Inbocedrus (Cedars), 2 sp.; Podocarpus (Miro, Black- and 
White-pines, Totara, &c.), 'sp.; Daerydium (Red- and Yellow- 
pines), 7 sp.; Phyllocladus (Bog-pine), 3 sp.) 
Chass Il, MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
Sub-class I. PrranormnEa. 
Division I., Hprgyym.—Perianth superior, 6-leaved. 
1. Orcnipem. — Eipiphytic shrubs or terrestrial herbs. 
Flowers very irregular. Stamens 1, united with the style. 
Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placenta, (P. 147.) 
2. IntpEat.—Herbs, with linear laterally-flattened leaves. 
Perianth regular. Stamens 8, anthers extrorse. Capsule 
loculicidally 3-yalved., (Libertia, 3 sp.) 
3. Hypoxipna.—Small herbs, with radicalleaves. Perianth 
regular. Stamens 6; anthers introrse. Capsule 3-celled, 
dehiscing longitudinally. (Hypowis, 1 sp.) 
