136 CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY. 
Drvisron Il., Hypogynm.— Perianth inferior and 6-leaved 
or 0. 
Series I., Coronanina.—Perianth 2-seriate. Ovary syncar- 
pous. 
4, Laniacnas.—Herbs, climbing shrubs, or trees. Perianth 
of 6 similar-coloured segments or leaves. Stamens 6, anthers 
introrse, versatile. Ovary 3- (rarely 1-) celled; style simple, 
stigma 3-lobed. Ovules 2 or more (rarely 1) in each cell. 
Fruit a capsule or berry; seeds with terete embryo in horny 
endosperm. (P. 148.) 
5. JuncAceEm.—Grassy or rush-like herbs, often leafless. 
Perianth of 6 dry, chaffy segments. Stamens 6 (or 3). Ovary 
3-angled, 1-3-celled; ovules l or co. Capsule included in the 
persistent perianth, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds minute, 
albuminous, with minute embryo. (Juncus (Rushes), 15 sp. ; 
Rostkovia, 2 sp.; Luzula (Wood-rushes), 5 sp.) 
6. Parmea. — Stem arboreous; leaves large, pinnate. 
Flowers panicled, enclosed when young in spathes. Perianth 
of 6 fleshy leaves. Stamens 6; anthers versatile. Ovary 
3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit a drupe; seed with 
small embryoin horny endosperm. (Areca (Nikau Palm), 1 sp.) 
Series 1]., Nuprrnorm.— Perianth of small scales. or 0. 
Ovary apocarpous. 
7, Panpanpa.—Climbing shrubs. Flowers closely packed 
into dense spathaceous spikes, dicecious ; perianth 0; stamens 
in bundles, anthers 2-celled; ovaries crowded, 1-celled, with 
sessile stigma and numerous ovules on parietal placente. 
Fruit semi-succulent; seeds with minute embryo in fleshy 
endosperm. (Hreycinetia (Kiekie), 1 sp.) 
8. TypHACEs.-— Tall aquatic herbs, with linear leaves. 
Flowers in dense spikes or heads, the upper one or more @, 
the lower one or more 2. Stamens crowded, anthers basi- 
fixed. Ovaries densely crowded, 1-celled, with slender style 
and stigma; ovule solitary, pendulous. Fruit a nut; seed 
with straight embryo in mealy endosperm. (Typha (Bull- 
rush), 1 sp.; Sparganiwm (Bur-reed), 1 sp.) 
9. Lemnacem.—Minute green floating scale-like fronds, 
without stems or leaves; flowers (very rarely produced) on 
the margins of the fronds, consisting of a bract enclosing 1 or 
2 stamens, and a single 1-celled ovary. (Lena (Duck-weed), 
2 sp.) 
10. NarapEm.—Submerged or erect fresh- or salt-water 
herbs; leaves floating, or grass-like, or filiform. lowers 
spiked or solitary, sometimes enclosed in a leaf-like spathe, 
% or unisexual; perianth of 4-6 small leaves or 0; stamens 
1, 4, or 6, anthers sessile ; ovary of 6 or fewer carpels, with a 
