LEGUMINOSHA. 141 
genus, but our species is endemic. Clianthus is a genus of two species 
only, the other being an Australian plant. Sophora (Kowhai) is a large 
tropical genus, and the local species occurs also in Juan Fernandez and 
South America. 
Many introduced plants of the order are now found in the wild state, 
as Furze, Gorse, or Whin (Ulex), Broom (Cytisus), Clovers (Trifolium), 
Tares (Vicia), &c. 
The order abounds in food- and forage-plants and in useful products. 
Only the more familiar can be mentioned here. Of food-plants may be 
named Pea (Pisum), Bean (faba), Kidney, French or Haricot Bean 
(Phaseolus), and Lentil (Hrvwm). Clovers, Lucerne (Medicago), Sainfoin 
(Onobrychis), Vetch (Vicia), and Lupins are useful for fodder. Other pro- 
ducts of the order are Gum Arabic, Gum Tragacanth, Catechu, Balsam 
of Copaiba, Balsam of Tolu, Copal-resin, Senna, Carob or Locust Beans, 
Liquorice, Tamarinds, Indigo, Logwood, Brazil-wood, Sunn Hemp, 
Wattle-bark, &c. 
Many leguminous plants, as Dolichos, Lupins, Sweet-peas (Lathy- 
rus), Wistaria, Laburnum (Cytisas), &c., are cultivated for their flowers. 
Order XXIV. Rosaczz. 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with simple or compound alter- 
nate stipulate leaves. Flowers regular. Calyx 4-6-lobed, 
inferior, or tube produced and enclosing the carpels. Petals 
usually 5 (or 4), inserted on the calyx or under the margin of 
the disc, imbricate. Stamens oo, rarely 1-5, free, incurved in ~ 
bud, inserted with the petals or on the disc. Disc lining the 
calyx-tube. Carpels 1 or more, free, or connate and enclosed 
in the calyx-tube ; styles as many as the carpels, often lateral 
or basal; ovules 1 or 2 in each carpel, anatropous. Fruit of. 
one or more achenes or drupels (or a drupe or pome). Seeds 
exalbuminous; embryo with plano-convex cotyledons and 
short radicle. (Pp. 41-45, figs. 53-62.) 
The order includes over 70 genera and 1,000 species of very diverse 
habit, and is only slightly represented in New Zealand by 4 genera and 
12 species. Rubus australis (Lawyer or Bramble) is probably common 
in Australia. Potentilla anserina (Silver Weed) is an ubiquitous species. 
Gewim (3 sp.) is a widespread genus, of which only one doubtful species is 
endemic. Accna (Piri-piri) is represented by 7 species, of which 2 are 
of wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, while the others are 
endemic. 
In an economic sense the order is chiefly remarkable for the number 
of edible-fruited species belonging to ib. These include Peach and 
Nectarine (Persica), Almond (Amygdalus), Apricot (Armeniaca), Plum 
and Cherry (Prunus), Apple and Pear (Pyrus), Quince (Cydonia), Medlar 
(Mespilus), Loquat (Eriobotrya), Rasp- and Black-berry (Rubus), and 
Strawberry (Fragaria). The seeds and sometimes also the leaves (2.9.5 
Cherry Laurel) of many of the species contain Hydrocyanic (Prussic) 
Acid, which gives the characteristic smell and flavour of bitter almonds. 
Many species in addition to the above are cultivated—e.g., Roses, 
Crategus (Hawthorn), Pyrus (Mountain-ash, &c.), Spirea, Cotoneaster, &e. 
Order XXVIII. Myrraczez. 
Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, exsti- 
more or less dotted with resinous 
lly pellucid. Flowers regular, solitary 
Trees or shrubs. 
pulate, simple, entire, 
clands, which are usua 
