COMPOSITAE. | 145 
species, Five genera belong to the division Liguleflore—viz., Microseris, 
Crepis, Taraxacum (Dandelion), Pieris, and Sonchus (Sow-thistle)—each 
represented by a single species. Of these, Crepis nove-zealandic is en- 
demic, the others being widely spread, a fact due probably to their well- 
developed pappus. Numerous species of introduced Composites have 
become naturalised in the colony. 
The plants of such an immense order naturally include many that 
are of great value. Among food-plants we find’ Artichoke (Cynara), 
Chicory (Cichorium), Lettuce (Lactuca), Salsafy (Tvagopogon), Scorzonera, 
Jerusalem Artichoke (Cynara), &e. Medicinal or aromatic substances are 
"yielded by Wormwood (Artemisia), Chamomile (Matricaria), Tansy (Tana- 
cetum), Colt’s-foot (Tussilago), Arnica montana, and others. The seeds of 
Sunflower (Helianthus) and species of Madia yield valuable oils, while 
the flowers of Safflower (Carthamus dihtatorius) yield & beautiful red dye 
called Carthamine. Numerous genera are cultivated for their flowers. 
Order XLIV. Ericacus. 
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or opposite, simple, ex- 
stipulate, usually coriaceous. Flowers regular, bracteate. 
Calyx inferior, 5-fid or nearly free. Corolla tubular or cam- 
panulate, 5-lobed or -toothed, throat often hairy, lobes im- 
bricate in bud. Stamens 5 or 10, hypogynous or epipetalous; 
anthers 1- or 2-celled, opening by terminal pores or slits, often 
furnished with awns. Dise 5—10-lobed, or of 5 scales. Ovary 
1-10-celled, with simple style, usually capitate or lobed 
stigma, and 1 or more ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule, 
berry, or drupe, free or enclosed in the calyx-tube, which some- 
times becomes succulent. Seeds small; testa reticulate; em- 
bryo minute in fleshy endosperm. (Pp. 63-65, figs. 113-115.) 
Sub-order I. Erntorz:. 
Stamens hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, opening by terminal pores. 
This is usually treated as a distinct order from Epacride, but the 
staminal characters are really the only structural point of distinction 
between the two. It includes 52 genera and about 1,000 species, widely 
distributed. New Zealand possesses only 2 genera—viz., Gaultheria (to 
which the Snowberry belongs), 4 species, 3 of which are endemic, while G. 
antipoda also occurs in Tasmania; and Pernettya, 1 sp., also found in 
Tasmania, though the other species of the genus are all South American. 
The sub-order does not contain many useful plants, The flowers of 
some genera yield very poisonous honey. Many are cultivated for their 
_ beautiful flowers or fruit—e.g., Hrica (Heath), Arbutus (Strawberry-tree), 
Kalmia, and Rhododendron (some species of which are separated by 
gardeners as a distinct genus Azalea). 
Sub-order II. HPacrIDEm, . 
Stamens epipetalous (or hypogynous) ; anthers 1-celled, opening by slits. 
This sub-order consists chiefly of Australian Heaths, and includes 26 
genera and about 320 species. Of these, 6 genera occur in New Zealand, 
represented by 28 species. These are Cyathodes, 5 sp. (all anes 
Leucopogon, 3 sp. (2 endemic), Pentachondra, 1 sp. (also foundin Australia), 
Epacris, 4 sp. (2 or 3 endemic), Archeria, 2 sp. (endemic), and Dracophyt- 
/ Tt will be seen that, while the genera are chiefly 
ic). 
Aiacetee wt a GES the majority of the New Zealand forms are 
7 I ] nds, S 7 
Rene ao ore a ee are of importance, but a few species are cultivated 
for their flowers. 
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