SCROPHULARINEAS. 147 
demic species; while Huphrasia has also 6 sp., of which 2 are 
Seales 2 ees F Australian, and 2 Chilian forms. 
Some introduced species of Verbascum (Mullein), Mimulus (Musk, 
&e.), Veronica (Speedwell), and Bartsia have run wild. , j 
With the exception of Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), which yields a 
powerful medicinal principle—digitaline—few plants of the order are of 
any value. But it abounds in beautiful and much-cultivated flowers— 
e.g., in addition to those already named are Alonsoa, Linaria (Toad-flax), 
Antirrhinum (Frog’s-mouth or Snapdragon), Maurandia, Pentstemon, Col- 
linsia, and Torenia. 
Order LXIII. Potyaonra. 
Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, revolute when 
young; stipules ochreate. Flowers regular. Perianth 5-6- 
partite or free, in 1 or 2 series, persistent, enclosing the fruit. 
Stamens 6-8, perigynous, opposite the perianth-lobes. Ovary 
free, 1-celled, 3-gonous or compressed; styles 1-3, stigmas 
capitate, often feathery; ovule 1, erect. Fruit an achene, 
enclosed in the dry or succulent perianth-tube. Seed with 
straight and axile, or curved and lateral embryo in mealy 
endosperm. (Pp. 80-82, figs. 151-155.) 
An order of wide distribution in temperate regions, including 33 
genera and about 500 species. The following occur in New Zealand: 
Polygonum, 2 sp., both widespread; Mullenbeckia, 4 sp., all apparently 
with distribution outside of New Zealand: and Rumex (Dock), 2 sp., of 
which R. flewwosus occurs in Australia also. Several species of Rumea 
have become naturalised—e.g., the common Docks R. obtusifolius and 
&. crispus, the Sorrels R. acetosa and R, acetlosella, and Black Bind- 
weed (Polygonum convolvulus), &c. 
he order contains a few useful plants, as Rhubarb (Rheum) and 
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum), 
MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
Order I. OncHipEs. 
Perennial herbs, either terrestial with tuberous or fascicled 
roots, or epiphytes with aerial roots and often thickened fleshy 
branches (pseudo-bulbs), Leaves usually sheathing at the 
base or reduced to scales, entire. Flowers 8, solitary, spiked, 
tacemed or panicled, bracteate. Perianth superior, usually 
petaloid, irregular, of 6 leaves in two series ; 3 outer (sepals) 
usually equal, 2 of thetn lateral and 1 inferior (often superior 
by the twisting of the ovary); 3 inner (petals) having the 2 
lateral similar, and the third (labellum) usually larger and 
ifferent in shape and often in colouring. Stamens united 
with the style into a column facing the labellum: as a rule, 
only 1 stamen is developed, its 2-celled anther terminating 
the column, and containing 2, 4, or 8 masses of pollen 
(pollinia), which are usually fastened together in pairs by a 
caudicle to a gland placed near the projecting tip (rostellum) 
of the column ; sometimes 2 imperfect stamens, or staminodia, 
are developed on the sides of the column (these are nor- 
