LEAVES 123 
Two leaves joined at their bases and having the 
stem passing through them are connate (con=to- 
gether, and nasci, natus=to be born). Example: 
Yellow-wort. 
The angle formed where a leaf springs from the 
stem is called the azil. A flower growing from this 
angle is axillary. Example: Germander Speedwell 
(Plate 29, 6). 
The margins of leaves must be studied. The 
margin is entire if not broken up by irregularities. 
It may be— 
Sinuate—Wavy. Example: Oak. 
Crenate. — Having rounded teeth. Example : 
Ground Ivy. 
Serrate.—Saw-edged. Example: Rose. 
Dentate.—Toothed. Having sharp teeth pointing 
outwards. Example : Enchanter’s Nightshade. 
Spiny.—Sharp teeth. Example: Holly. 
Ciliate——Having a fringe of hairs. Example: 
Rock Rose. 
The tip, or apex, of a leaf may be— 
Acute. — Sharply pointed. Example: Bind- 
weed. 
Acuminate.—Tapering to a sharp point. Example : 
Nettle. 
Mucronate.—Flattened, but bearing a sharp point, 
or mucro. Example: Common Vetch. 
Obtuse.—Blunt, not pointed. Example: Oak. 
Leaves assume many forms, and a great many 
terms are necessary in their description. I give 
some of those in common use. If I use any in 
describing plants that are not given here, the 
meanings will be found in the Glossary. 
