er AT.) THE CALYX. 65 
259. ‘Tne leaves or parts of the calyx are called sepals : some- 
times the calyx consists of one leaf or sepal, it is then called 
monosepalous ; when it consists of several distinct leaves, it is 
called polysepalous ; when one calyx is surrounded by another, 
it is double; when one calyx surrounds many plants, it is 
convmon. 
260. The calyx is said to be superior when it is situated on 
the summit of the germ, as in the apple; it is inferior when 
situated below the germ, as in the pink. In many plants the 
calyx is neither superior nor inferior, but is situated around 
the germ. 
261. When the calyx drops off before the flower fully ex- 
pands, it is called caducous ; the petals of the poppy are, at 
first, enclosed in a calyx of two large green sepals, but these 
fall off before the flower is full blown. When the calyx with- 
ers and drops off with the corolla, it is called deciduous. In 
many plants it remains until the fruit is matured; it is then 
called persistent. Ina pea pod, for example, the calyx may be 
seen as perfect as it was in the blossom. In an apple or pear, 
the dried leaves of the calyx may be seen on the tops of the 
fruit ; this shows that the calyx was superior. 
262. According to the divisions of Linnzus, there are seven 
kinds of calyxes ; viz.: 
Perianth, Glume, 
‘e Involucrum, Calyptra, 
; Ament, Volva. 
Spatha, 
/ 
263. Perianth. This term is derived from the two Greek 
words pert, around, and anthos, flower. This is the only rea] 
calyx or cup, as the term cup does not properly apply to the 
other kinds of calyxes. A good example of the perianth calyx 
1§ presented in the Rose, where it is wrn-form, with divisions 
the top resembling small leaves. In the Pink, the perianth 
long and tubular, having the border dentate or toothed. The 
ollyhock, Hibiscus, and many other plants, have a double pe- 
rianth. 
259. What is a monosepalous calyx 1~polysepalous ?—double 2— 
common 2? 
260. What terms express the various positions of the calyx with 
respect to the germ 2? 
meh What terms express the different degrees of duration of the 
calyx ? 
262. What are the different kinds of calyxes ? 
263. eee the perianth. 
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