160 CLASS XIX. 
valves increased by cultivation;) style 1, very long, filiform, pendu- 
lous; seed solitary, immersed in an oblong receptacle.—(Indian corn.) 
Order 4. Tetrandria. Four stamens. 
Mo/’rus. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-parted; corolla 0. Pistillate 
flowers—calyx 4-leaved; corolla‘ 0; styles 2, calyx becoming berry- 
like; seed 1.—(mulberry.) 
Order 5. Pentandria. Five stamens. 
Amara’nruus. Staminate flowers—calyx 3 or 5-leaved ; corolla 0; 
stamens 3 or 5. Pistillate flowers—calyx and corolla as the stami- 
nate; styles 3; capsule 1-celled, opening transversely ; seed 1—(ama- 
ranth, red cockscomb.) 
Order 12. Polyandria. Many stamens. 
A. Stems not woody. 
Sacirra’Ria. Staminate flowers—calyx 3-leaved; corolla 3 petaled ; 
filaments mostly 24. Pistillate flowers—calyx and corolla as in the 
staminate; germs many; capsules aggregate, l-seeded, not opening. 
—(arrow-head.) 
Ar’um. Spatha cucullate, l-leaved; spadix not entirely covered 
with fructification ; being more or less naked above, with pistillate 
flowers beneath, and staminate in the middle (sometimes a few are sta- 
minate beneath; berry mostly I-seeded, generally cirrose glandular 
beneath.)—(Indian turnip, wake-robin.) 
B. Stems woody. 
Quer’cus. Staminate flowers—ament loose; calyx sub 5-cleft; co- 
rolla 0; stamens 5 to 10. Pistillate flowers—calyx 1-leated, entire, 
scabrous, being a woody cup; style 1, stigma 2 to 5; nut or acorn I- 
celled, 1-seeded, coriaceous, surrounded at the base by the permanent 
calyx.—(oak.) 
Casta/ngEa. Polygamous. Staminate lowers—ament naked, linear : 
corolla (or calyx) l-leaved, 5 or 6-parted; stamens 10 to 20. Pistillate 
flowers—calyx 5 or 6-leaved, (or 5 or 6-lobed) muricate; germs 3; stig- 
ma pencil-form; nuts 3, with coriaceous putamen, enclosed in the 
calyx, becoming echinate.—(chestnut.) 
Order 15. Monadelphia. Filaments united. 
A. Stems not woody. 
Exotic. 
Cucur’sita. Staminate flowers—calyx 5-toothed; corolla 5-cleft; 
filaments 3. Pistillate flowers—calyx and corolla like the staminate ; 
pistil 3-cleft; pomaceous berry large, 3 to 5-celled; seeds thickened at 
the margin.—(gourd, squash, pumpkin, water-melon.) 
Ricinus. Staminate flowers—calyx 5-parted: stamens numerous. 
Pistillate flowers, calyx 3-parted: styles 3 or 4-cleft: capsules echinate, 
3-celled, 3-seeded.—(castor-oil plant.) 
