POLYGONUM, knotweed, smartweed 
traditional Polygonum into several, more homogeneous genera (cf., 
Hickman, 1984), particularly following the studies of Haraldson 
(1978), who used a novel set of correlating characters to redefine 
generic and infrageneric limits in subfamily Polygonoideae; confusion 
concerning the transfer of some taxa, particularly below the species 
level, to the segregate genera has forced us to continue treating this 
group in its traditional, broad sense for the present; synonyms in the 
Segregate genera Fallopia, Persicaria, and Reynoutria (sensu 
Haraldson, 1978) are given in the species’ synonymy, but without 
further literature citation.) 
*Polygonum achoreum S. F. Blake, knotweed, p. 586 
P. amphibium L., water smartweed, shoestring smartweed, swamp 
smartweed [Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray], p. 588 
var. emersum Michaux [S: Polygonum coccineum Muhlenb. ex 
Willd. var. coccineum, incl. f. natans (Wieg.) Stanford, 
- pratincola (E, Greene) Stanford] (Mitchell, 1968, 
1976; Mitchell and Dean, 1978 
var. stipulaceum N. Coleman [S: Polygonum amphibium var. 
Stipulaceum f. fluitans (Eaton) Fern.; M: P. 
amphibium) (Mitchell, 1968, 1976; Mitchell and Dean, 
978) 
¢P. arenastrum Jordan ex Boreau, knotweed [S: Polygonum 
aviculare} (Styles, 1962; Mertens and Raven, 1965; 
Mitchell and Dean, 1978; Wolf and McNeill, 1986), 
p. 586 
P. arifolium L,, halberd-leaved tear-thumb [Persicaria arifolia (L.) 
araldson; S$, M: incl, var. pubescens (Keller) Fern.] 
(Park, 1988), p. 596 
+P. aviculare Be knotweed, kno 
incl. var. littora 
tgrass, dooryard weed, hogweed [S: 
le (Link) K 
(Styles, 1962) (note that the traditional taxon P. 
aviculare 
reau, P. aviculare sensu Stricto, P. buxiforme Small, 
and P. neglectum Besser; although all the varieties 
S: Steyermark G: Great Plains Flora M: Mohlenbrock 
