sprayed for the entire season. The directions for use are plainly 
marked on all packages. To produce the highest results, spraying 
is of vital importance. 
There are two distinct groups of insects—those known as the 
chewing or biting, and the sucking. The chewing insects are 
beetles, and worms that damage plants by eating holes into the 
leaves, unopened buds, and flower petals. To combat this type 
it is necessary to use some form of stomach poison spray, such 
as arsenate of lead, paris green or black arrow. 
Sucking insects are those that do damage by sucking nourish- 
ment from the leaves, causing them to curl, wither and eventually 
drop. Some form of contact spray is necessary. For these pests, 
there are several forms of nicotine solutions commonly used, such 
as black leaf 40, black arrow dust, lime sulphur wash. 
Diseases such as blight, fungus, rot, scab, etc., are combatted 
mostly by the use of a fungicide either Bordeaux Mixture or 
Lime Sulphur. 
The most important and most effective winter spray is Lime 
Sulphur Spray. It will act as a beneficial cleanser for almost all 
trees. Used when the trees are fully dormant, it is easily applied, 
and fully effectual if done at all carefully, because no foliage ob- 
structs a thorough covering of all parts of the branches and in- 
dividual buds. It is the only effective stray for the eradication 
of blister mite on pears, the curl disease on peaches and all the 
various scale insects affecting our different fruit trees. 
YOUR SPECIAL ATTENTION REQUESTED PLEASE 
SCALE plays a very treacherous part on fruit trees, including 
Espalier Fruit trees. Through our many years of experimenting, 
we discovered scale to be the major cause for the death of 90% 
of all fruit trees. It is easily recognized by its round or oyster- 
shaped shells on the bark or branches which spreads and smoth- 
ers the breathing pores upon which the tree depends to inhale 
during the winter months. This scale protects the small live eggs 
beneath it which survive throughout the winter by sucking the 
sap from the tree. The sap, which is the blood of the tree, when 
withdrawn, eventually kills the tree. 
Scale is very injurious to the life of fruit trees, and we 
strongly urge you to rid of scale at first appearance. Scale forms 
only during the growing season. It is caused by neighboring 
plants such as ivy, pachysandra, evonymous, lilac and other 
shrubs which are great carriers of scale. Although scale does 
total damage to a tree, amateurs will find it very easy to over- 
come. If signs of scale appear on a tree that is leafed out, the 
most urgent thing to do is to control its spread by ridding of the 
scale which protects the eggs over the winter period, and since 
no scale will develop over winter, these eggs will not be able to 
protect themselves and they will be checked. To destroy them, 
take a piece of burlap and rub off the scale as though you were 
giving the branches a shoe shine. Be sure to get between the 
twigs, crotches, and angles of the limbs where scale is most dan- 
gerous to the welfare of the tree. If you find the burlap diffi- 
cult to use at certain places, then use a tooth brush with firm or 
stiff bristles. This procedure will eradicate the scale but will not 
kill the eggs entirely. 
Then, in the spring, to kill all the eggs, use a Lime Sulphur 
Spray. This should be applied just before vegetation starts, to be 
effective. Lime sulphur should be applied on a clear sunny day 
when there is no danger of freezing. Lime sulphur should not be 
applied on a freezing day because it will freeze to the bark and 
will not kill the eggs alone, but also injures the bark. To be 
guided accordingly, apply the spray on a mild day when the sun 
will dry it quickly. This is the best spray for scale. 
Scale if not checked develops very rapidly and in a short 
time covers the entire area of the tree. Hence, it is vitally im- 
portant to guard your trees against scale. Please don’t ignore our 
warning, if you expect fine, healthy fruit bearing trees. 
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