64 NEW ZEALAND NATURE-STUDY BOOK 
readily carried away by the wind. ‘The stigma, moreover, 
is feathery, exposing a large surface to catch the flying 
pollen grains. The following characteristics will be noted 
in wind-pollinated flowers. They are small, unscented, 
and not brightly coloured. They have no nectaries ; their 
anthers are attached to long filaments and hang freely out 
of the flower; their stigmas are relatively large, and the 
flowers usually produce a large amount of pollen. 
Notre.—TIf it be considered desirable, this phase of the subject 
may be entirely omitted—though it seems a pity that a matter of 
such importance should be left out altogether in a scheme of 
Nature-study. 
When taken up, it should, if possible, be dealt with out of doors, 
where it can be invested with very considerable interest and made 
the medium for much thoughtful observation. If time cannot be 
found for field work, the lessons must be fully illustrated by 
specimens and drawings. 
A good deal of information will have to be supplied—pupils for 
instance cannot observe for themselves the process of fertilisation. 
It is not necessary however, that anything beyond a general 
outline of the process be attempted, just sufficient to enable 
pupils to understand its object and how it is secured. 
Lessons on fertilisation and pollination can be intelligible only 
after the structure of the flower has been mastered ; the work 
suggested in this chapter should not be taken up until towards 
the end of the course. 
XVL—THE FRUIT. 
That part of a single flower which remains after ferti- 
lisation until the seeds are ripe is called a fruit. 
So soon as the process of fertilisation takes place, the 
ovules, we have seen, gradually change into seeds. The 
consequences of fertilisation, however, are not confined to 
the ovules. The other parts of the flower—stamens, 
corolla, and calyx, having finished their work, as a rule, 
