66 NEW ZEALAND NATURE-STUDY BOOK 
form two flaps. These beginning at the bottom gradually 
become free, and expose a central plate, on either side of 
which the seeds are arranged. 
A fruit of this kind is called a selqua ; further examples 
will be found in the Single-Stock, Cabbage, Turnip, and 
other well-known plants. 
The Poppy. The fruit of the poppy consists of a 
swollen pistil which forms the globular capsule known 
as the poppy head. The top 
Fi. of the fruit (the head) is the 
Z| SSS, stigma which has remained. 
| : tp If this be removed, the seed 
MN me er Pe ae "Wy will be seen arranged along 
| the walls of a number of 
| separate chambers ; just below 
the head is a row of small 
openings running completely 
round the fruit. As this 
hangs inverted on the end 
of the flower-stalk, it is 
shaken about by the wind 
and the seeds fall out through 
| the openings. A fruit of this 
Fig. 53.—Capsule of Poppy. kind is called a capsule. Other 
examples of capsules will be 
found in the Iris, the Fox-glove and the Violet. 
It will be noticed that the simple fruits just described, 
viz,, the legume, the siliqua, and the capsule, are dry 
fruits. 
The Hazel Nut. The fruit of the Hazel tree is dry 
and woody and does not open of its own accord—such a 
fruit is called a nut. The shell of the nut consists of three 
layers and contains a single seed—commonly called a 
kernel. Compare with the fruit of the Rimu, which is also 
a nut. 
